Environmental Risks of Fungicides Used in Horticultural Production Systems

Wightwick, Adam; Walters, Robert; Allinson, Graeme; Reichman, Suzie M.; Menzies, Neal W.

doi:10.5772/13032

Cited by 115 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…For atrazine there is long-established evidence that it may be very persistent under conditions of limited oxygen (Papiernik andSpalding 1998, Schwab et al 2006) and in the unsaturated zone below the soil zone where remobilisation is possible (Kruger et al 1993, Jablonowski et al 2009). For oxadixyl the soil half-life is currently commonly given as 60 to 90 days (Wightwick et al 2010). An older reference states that oxadixyl is slowly degraded in soil with a half-life of about 16 months (USEPA 1992).…”

Section: Controls and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent and emerging micro-organic contaminants in Chalk groundwater of England and France

Lapworth

Baran

Stuart

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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Section: Controls and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent and emerging micro-organic contaminants in Chalk groundwater of England and France

Lapworth

Baran

Stuart

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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“…Although there are strict regulations concerning fungicides which must be satisfied prior to their retail sale, laboratory and epidemiological tests have proved many of them to be harmful to people and animals. An example of such is benzimidazole (like etonitazene) and its derivatives, which play an important role in controlling fungal diseases and at the same time may affect the central nervous system in a similar way to morphine [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Endophytic Strains Pantoea agglomerans in the Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani

Nabrdalik

Moliszewska

Wierzba

2018

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Antagonistic activity of microorganisms against phytopathogens is mainly the results of plants' health improvement due to the inhibition of pathogens growth and the induction of plants resistance against diseases. The aim of the research was to determine antagonistic properties of Pantoea agglomerans against Rhizoctonia solani. The properties of two strains P. agglomerans BC17 and BC45 were assessed according to the following criteria: mycelial growth of R. solani in the presence of bacterial metabolites, an impact of P. agglomerans on the growth of sugar beet in the pots containing soil with and addition of R. solani and without it, the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It has been recorded that antagonistic properties of tested strains are different. In the presence of metabolites of BC17 strains, the mycelial growth of R. solani was inhibited by 78 % and for the strain BC45 the value amounted 46 %. In the pot bioassay the number of infested plants growing in the soil inoculated with P. agglomerans and the pathogen was lower when compared with the pots containing R solani. A higher reduction of infested plants, amounting 23 %, was obtained for the strain BC17. Both strains had the ability to produce IAA -a plant hormone of the auxin class, in the presence of tryptophan and its absence in the medium. The highest concentration of IAA was recorded after 7 days of culturing in the supernatant obtained from the media containing 2000 µg/cm 3 of tryptophan. For the strain BC17 the concentration of IAA marked in the postculturing liquid amounted 71.57 µg/cm 3 , and for the BC45 strain it amounted over 80 µg/cm 3 . Obtained results prove that P. agglomerans may be used in the biological protection against phytopatogenic strains of R. solani.

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“…Dithiocarbamate fungicides have low persistence. Among high persistent group of fungicides are triazoles (penconazole, myclobutanil and flusilazole), carboximides (boscalid) and pirimidines (fenarimol) (Wightwick et al, 2010).…”

Section: Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%