“…As schematically shown in Figure a, MNCs are structurally composed of a Fe 3 O 4 core and a silica shell with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorescence, synthesized by the hydrothermal and sol–gel reaction, respectively. , MNCs are rendered negatively charged by surface functionalization with the abundant hydroxyl groups, forming a composite of Fe 3 O 4 @silica, denoted as MNCs⊖. The positively-charged Fe 3 O 4 @silica [positively-charged MNCs (MNCs⊕)] is achieved by PEI surface modification through electrostatic interactions between the hydroxyl and imine groups.…”
A critical issue in nanomedicine is on the understanding of nano−bio interface behaviors, particularly when the nanoparticles are inevitably decorated by protein coronas in the physiological fluids. In this study, the effects of particle surface corona on cancer cell targeting were investigated in simulated physiological fluids. Cell targeting was achieved by two strategies: (1) using conventional epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and (2) rendering the same but naked magnetic nanoparticles electrically positively charged, enabling them to electrostatically bind onto the negatively charged cancer cells. The cell-particle electrostatic binding was found to be much stronger with faster reaction kinetics than the immunological interactions even at 4 nC. Both types of nanoparticles were decorated with various protein coronas by administration in a simulated physiological system. Well-decorated by protein coronas, the electrically charged particles retained strong electrostatic interactions with cancer cells, even upon reversal of the particle zeta potential from positive to negative. This behavior was explained by a nonuniform corona modulation of the particle surface charge distributions, exposing locally positively charged regions, capable of strong electrostatic cell binding and magnetic capturing in a physiological environment. This fundamental discovery paves new way for sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells in whole blood in clinical settings.
“…As schematically shown in Figure a, MNCs are structurally composed of a Fe 3 O 4 core and a silica shell with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorescence, synthesized by the hydrothermal and sol–gel reaction, respectively. , MNCs are rendered negatively charged by surface functionalization with the abundant hydroxyl groups, forming a composite of Fe 3 O 4 @silica, denoted as MNCs⊖. The positively-charged Fe 3 O 4 @silica [positively-charged MNCs (MNCs⊕)] is achieved by PEI surface modification through electrostatic interactions between the hydroxyl and imine groups.…”
A critical issue in nanomedicine is on the understanding of nano−bio interface behaviors, particularly when the nanoparticles are inevitably decorated by protein coronas in the physiological fluids. In this study, the effects of particle surface corona on cancer cell targeting were investigated in simulated physiological fluids. Cell targeting was achieved by two strategies: (1) using conventional epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and (2) rendering the same but naked magnetic nanoparticles electrically positively charged, enabling them to electrostatically bind onto the negatively charged cancer cells. The cell-particle electrostatic binding was found to be much stronger with faster reaction kinetics than the immunological interactions even at 4 nC. Both types of nanoparticles were decorated with various protein coronas by administration in a simulated physiological system. Well-decorated by protein coronas, the electrically charged particles retained strong electrostatic interactions with cancer cells, even upon reversal of the particle zeta potential from positive to negative. This behavior was explained by a nonuniform corona modulation of the particle surface charge distributions, exposing locally positively charged regions, capable of strong electrostatic cell binding and magnetic capturing in a physiological environment. This fundamental discovery paves new way for sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells in whole blood in clinical settings.
“…The positive‐charged magnetic nanoparticle (MN ⊕ ) was synthesized according to the method previously reported by our group. [ 16 ] To obtain acidic pH‐responsive magnetic nanomaterials, calcium ions were immobilized on the surface of the core materials by the neutralization reaction of polyacrylic acid and calcium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate‐capped magnetic materials were synthesized by introducing carbonate radical. The cationic polymer PEI was modified on the surface of the composites by electrostatic interaction.…”
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as significant research target for cancer prognosis and metastasis mechanism. Efficient and all‐subpopulations‐covered isolation and facile release of CTCs with good viability are pivotal for profound mechanism research and molecular profiling. However, integrated nanoplatform with these two functions is yet to be elucidated. Among existing release techniques including physical, biological, and chemical methods, acid responsive release of CTCs attracts intensive interests due to its straightforward and easily accessible feature. However, extra acidic substance seems indispensable so far, which poses potential hazard to the rare and susceptible CTCs. To address this challenge, polyelectrolyte functionalized CaCO3 coated magnetic nanocrystal clusters are developed as the nanoplatform for multi‐subpopulations isolation and pH‐sensitive release of CTCs. Only buffer solution components are needed rather than other acidic substance to provide mild acidic environment with pH value of 6.5, facilitate highly efficient release. Moreover, the bioefficacy of CTC capture and mild condition recovery is not compromised by formation of protein corona on the cell‐friendly nanoplatform. This nanoplatform exhibits good performance in both mimic blood samples and cancer patients’ clinical samples.
“…Various coating chemistries are therefore required for bioconjugation. The surface functional groups are a critical parameter that determines the chemical reactions and enables a proper functionalization [29]. Carboxyl-functionalized MNPs are widely used, since they easily bind the amino groups on bioreceptors and form covalent bonds by using the EDC-NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry.…”
Section: Magnetic Nanoparticles As Labels In Lfiamentioning
A new generation of magnetic lateral flow immunoassays is emerging as powerful tool for diagnostics. They rely on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as detecting label, replacing conventional gold or latex beads. MNPs can be sensed and quantified by means of external devices, allowing the development of immunochromatographic tests with a quantitative capability. Moreover, they have an added advantage because they can be used for immunomagnetic separation (IMS), with improvements in selectivity and sensitivity. In this paper, we have reviewed the current knowledge on magnetic-lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), coupled with both research and commercially available instruments. The work in the literature has been classified in two categories: optical and magnetic sensing. We have analysed the type of magnetic nanoparticles used in each case, their size, coating, crystal structure and the functional groups for their conjugation with biomolecules. We have also taken into account the analytical characteristics and the type of transduction. Magnetic LFIA have been used for the determination of biomarkers, pathogens, toxins, allergens and drugs. Nanocomposites have been developed as alternative to MNP with the purpose of sensitivity enhancement. Moreover, IMS in combination with other detection principles could also improve sensitivity and limit of detection. The critical analysis in this review could have an impact for the future development of magnetic LFIA in fields requiring both rapid separation and quantification.
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