Influence of concentrative and dilutive internal concentration polarization on flux behavior in forward osmosis

McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.; Elimelech, Menachem

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.07.049

Cited by 1,171 publications

(797 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Dilutive ICP will be more severe with larger molecular weight solutes that cannot diffuse as quickly through the porous support. Furthermore, concentration polarization was found to be more severe in FO mode [50,51]. …”

Section: Internal Concentration Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

2013

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Abstract:In the past four decades, membrane development has occurred based on the demand in pressure driven processes. However, in the last decade, the interest in osmotically driven processes, such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), has increased. The preparation of customized membranes is essential for the development of these technologies. Recently, several very promising membrane preparation methods for FO/PRO applications have emerged. Preparation of thin film composite (TFC) membranes with a customized polysulfone (PSf) support, electorspun support, TFC membranes on hydrophilic support and hollow fiber membranes have been reported for FO/PRO applications. These novel methods allow the use of other materials than the traditional asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA) membranes and TFC polyamide/polysulfone membranes. This review provides an outline of the membrane requirements for FO/PRO and the new methods and materials in membrane preparation.

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Section: Internal Concentration Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

2013

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“…This equation, however, assumes a well-stirred system without the presence of boundary layers, which in ODMPs occur on both the feed and draw solution sides of the membrane and inside the porous support layer of the membrane. McCutcheon et al [30,31] presented a model for osmotic flux across a dense, symmetric membrane: (2) where π D,b and π F,b are the bulk osmotic pressures of the draw and feed solutions, respectively, and k D and k F are the mass transfer coefficients on the draw and feed solution sides of the membrane, respectively. This implicit flux model incorporates concentration polarization moduli that account for boundary layer phenomenon on both sides of the membrane.…”

Section: Governing Equations In Odmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the effective osmotic pressure of a solution is only established at the interface with the selective layer, the asymmetric structure of a membrane ensures that one of the boundary layers occurs within the support layer, resulting in internal concentration polarization (ICP) [30,32,33]. To account for this change, an effective mass transfer coefficient, k eff , was defined which takes into account the impact that the porous support layer has on mass transfer:…”

Section: Governing Equations In Odmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

et al. 2013

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Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs) such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are extensively investigated for utilization in a broad range of applications. In ODMPs, the operating conditions and membrane properties play more critical roles in mass transport and process performance than in pressure-driven membrane processes. Search of the literature reveals that ODMP membranes, especially newly developed ones, are tested under different temperatures, draw solution compositions and concentrations, flow rates, and pressures. In order to compare different membranes, it is important to develop standard protocols for testing of membranes for ODMPs. In this article we present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in FO and PRO studies in recent years. A round-robin testing of two commercial membranes in seven independent laboratories revealed that water flux and membrane permeability coefficients were similar when participants performed the experiments and calculations using the same protocols. The thin film composite polyamide membrane exhibited higher water and salt permeability than the asymmetric cellulosebased membrane, but results with the high permeability thin-film composite membrane were more scattered. While salt rejection results in RO mode were relatively similar, salt permeability coefficients for both membranes in FO mode were more varied. Results suggest that high permeability ODMP membranes should be tested at lower hydraulic pressure in RO mode and that RO testing be conducted with the same membrane sample used for testing in FO mode. AbstractOsmotically driven membrane processes (ODMP) such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are extensively investigated for utilization in a broad range of applications. In ODMPs, the operating conditions and membrane properties play more critical roles in mass transport and process performance than in pressure-driven membrane processes.Search of the literature reveals that ODMP membranes, especially newly developed ones, are tested under different temperatures, draw solution compositions and concentrations, flowrates, and pressures. In order to compare different membranes, it is important to develop standard protocols for testing of membranes for ODMP. In this article we present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in FO and PRO studies in recent years. A round-robin testing of two commercial membranes in seven independent laboratories revealed that water flux and membrane permeability coefficients were similar when participants performed the experiments and calculations using the same protocols. The thin film composite polyamide membrane exhibited higher water and salt permeability than the asymmetric cellulose-based membrane, but results with the high permeability thin-film composite membrane were more scattered. While salt rejection results in RO mode were...

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“…The effects of the feed properties, the membrane properties, and the filtration conditions are obviously very important for the success of a membrane filtration process. Principal limitation of membrane lies in membrane fouling which is mainly associated with the deposition of a biosolids cake layer onto the membrane surface (McCutcheon & Elimelech, 2006;Mi & Elimelech, 2008). However, everal alternatives have been implemented to enhance this problem (Al-Akoum et al, 2002;Jaffrin et al, 2004).…”

Section: Membrane Processmentioning

confidence: 99%