Influence of cold on organization of actin filaments of different types of root cells in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nitric oxide modulates actin filament organization in Arabidopsis thaliana primary root cells at low temperatures

“…Thus, the treatment of A. thaliana seedlings with +0.5°C during 24 h caused about 3‐fold decrease of primary root growth rate, during 48 h − 3.2‐fold and during 72 h—4‐fold decrease of growth rate, respectively. These results corroborated our previous findings that the seedlings exposure at +4°C caused the retardation of A. thaliana root growth (Plohovska et al, ); however, at +0.5°C inhibitory effects were more evident. The intensity of primary root growth inhibition at + 0.5°C was compared to + 4°C effects, but not the changes of root tip morphology.…”

“…In our experiments, the most resistant F-actin arrays were also short and thick and appeared as brightly shining rods of actin in A. thaliana root hairs under long-time cold exposure. However, further research is required to elucidate the structure of these actin arrays and to determine whether they originate by severing of existent filaments or by de novo polymerization at þ0.5 C. Recently, we have shown the low temperature (þ4 C) effect on AFs organization in epidermal cells from different growth zones of A. thaliana roots as well as root apex deflection, elongation zone shortening, swelling, and ectopic root hairs formation above the meristematic zone (Plohovska et al, 2016). It has been found that actin filaments of root hairs, meristematic cells, and epidermal cells of all root zones of A. thaliana are the most sensitive to the cold exposure (Plohovska et al, 2016).…”

“…However, further research is required to elucidate the structure of these actin arrays and to determine whether they originate by severing of existent filaments or by de novo polymerization at þ0.5 C. Recently, we have shown the low temperature (þ4 C) effect on AFs organization in epidermal cells from different growth zones of A. thaliana roots as well as root apex deflection, elongation zone shortening, swelling, and ectopic root hairs formation above the meristematic zone (Plohovska et al, 2016). It has been found that actin filaments of root hairs, meristematic cells, and epidermal cells of all root zones of A. thaliana are the most sensitive to the cold exposure (Plohovska et al, 2016). We have established that the effect of cold on A. thaliana prophesy is to inhibit the growth of primary roots, the appearance of a zone of sowing, and the active formation of ectopic root hairs with disturbed morphology in their cells.…”

“…In particular, the cold treatment caused anisotropic increase of epidermal cells in elongation zone ( Figure 1B). We have previously shown that the exposure at þ4 C led to the deformation of root apex, shortening of elongation zone, swelling, and the formation of ectopic root hairs in distal zone of elongation of root (Plohovska et al, 2016). Obviously, the inhibition of the primary root growth can be a result of the negative impact of low temperature on root elongation and cell division, which may be related to the disturbances in cytoskeletal organization, microfilaments in particular.…”

Low temperature limits for root growth in alpine species are set by cell differentiation

“…We explain this observation by the fact that the sharp temperature gradient in the cold treatment did not permit root tips to expand beyond a certain temperature. Similar observations emerged in Arabidopsis thaliana roots exposed to 4 °C: root apices were deformed and growth zones shortened, causing a swelling in the primary roots ( Plohovska et al 2016 ). These authors explained the negative effect of low temperature on root elongation to be associated with impaired organization of the cytoskeleton, particularly microfilaments.…”