Influence of Cohesion on Scour under Submerged Circular Vertical Jets

Ansari, S. A.; Kothyari, Umesh C.; Raju, K. G. Ranga

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2003)129:12(1014)

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These steady-state times are generally smaller than have been previously reported by Aderibigbe and Rajaratnam (1996), and Ansari et al (2003) however they are consistent with kinetic changes reported in other studies of sand by Yeh et al (2011) and research in nuclear waste systems (McArthur et al, 2005;McArthur et al, 2012). Differences in the equilibrium times relative to some of the previously reported literature can be explained by considering that the erosion process will generally follow an exponential decay.…”

Section: `supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Sand was chosen as a model particulate material for comparison with existing studies (e.g. Aderibigbe and Rajaratnam, 1996;Ansari et al, 2003;Kobus et al, 1979;Rajaratnam, 1982;Sequeiros et al, 2007;Yeh et al, 2009); while magnesium hydroxide was chosen as a general relevant simulant for the grain fractions of 'legacy' sludge wastes present in various U.K. nuclear waste stores (Hastings et al, 2007). Although the highly active fission particulates within the HASTs themselves may be generally finer (McArthur et 4` al., 2005), larger cohesionless materials were chosen to better allow the assessment of system scale and the performance of the ultrasonic velocity profiler.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of system scale on impinging jet sediment erosion: Observed using novel and standard measurement techniques

Hunter¹,

Peakall

Unsworth³

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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Jet impingement as a method for eroding particulate beds and maintaining sediment in suspension is an important process for a host of industries, particularly in nuclear waste processing, where such systems to disperse and mix particulate beds have a number of advantages over other approaches.Existing work has utilised fairly rudimentary techniques for the measurement of erosion depths and here we demonstrate a new technique for measuring both static and dynamic erosion of cohesionless particulates under an impinging jet, using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry. This approach is tested on both quartz sands and on a range of Mg(OH) 2 particulates that are key simulants for nuclear waste facilities, such as the Highly Active Storage Tanks at Sellafield, U.K. A critical jet height was found to exist that balanced the impingement velocities and total entrained jet volume to maximise erosion. The effect of system scale was also considered by normalising steady-state crater depths and sizes, with erosion being enhanced in the small scale, possibly due to increased turbulent recirculation. Additionally, velocity profiles and acoustic backscatter were used to determine both steady-state crater profiles and kinetic changes in bed-depths with time, and highlighted important differences between static and dynamic measurements of erosion depth.

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Section: `supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of system scale on impinging jet sediment erosion: Observed using novel and standard measurement techniques

Hunter¹,

Peakall

Unsworth³

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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“…For broadly graded fresh landslide deposits, the submerged jet tests may be a suitable test method because it can accommodate a broad range of particle sizes and is easy to implement in the field. Laboratory submerged jet tests have been employed to investigate the erosion characteristics from both the hydraulics point of view (i.e., impinging distance, nozzle diameter, velocity of jet at nozzle; e.g., Rajaratnam 1982;Aderibigbe and Rajaratnam 1996;Dabbagh et al 2002) and the geotechnical point of view (i.e., soil properties; e.g., Ansari et al 2003;Mazurek and Hossain 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake

et al. 2011

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A strong earthquake of magnitude 8 in Richter scale, occurred in Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008, triggered about 257 landslide dams. The erodibility of fresh landslide deposits plays an important role in evaluating the initiation and development of breaching of such landslide dams. In this research, field jet index tests were conducted shortly after the earthquake at 27 locations on the Hongshihe landslide dam and the Libaisi landslide dam. The purpose of these tests was to investigate the erodibility of freshly deposited landslide soils. The landslide deposits are broadly graded. The bulk density increases and the coefficient of erodibility decreases with the depth of deposition. The erodibility of the fresh landslide deposits falls into a moderately resistant category and the fresh deposits are much more erodible than the native geomaterials before the earthquake. The main factors that control soil erodibility are found to be grain-size distribution, void ratio, fines content, and plasticity index. Particularly, the coefficient of erodibility decreases exponentially with the degree of compaction. Two empirical equations are developed for estimating the coefficient of erodibility and critical erosive shear stress of the freshly deposited landslide soils based on their basic soil properties.

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“…The erosion resistance was noticed to increase with the decrease of mean sediment size, increase of moist bulk density, and an increase of water content up to a certain level. Similar to Ansari et al (2002Ansari et al ( , 2003, the plasticity index, water content, and moist bulk density of the soil sample were used to parameterize the soil resistance against flow erosion. Note, however, that the plasticity index can not be measured for cohesive sediment mixtures containing gravel as is the present study.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the functional form can be written as q sc,i q sc;i ¼ f ðq s;i ; P c ; d a ; C u ; u c ; u sh ; g d ; g w ; Dg s ; UCS 0 Þ (9) where C u and u c ¼ cohesion and angle of internal friction for clay constituent of sediment mixture at optimum moisture content and g d ¼ its dry density, u sh ¼ angle of repose/internal friction of cohesionless constituent sediment present in the mixture. The parameters P c , C u , u c , u sh , Dg s , d a can be expressed into dimensionless form as (Ansari et al 2002(Ansari et al , 2003)…”

Section: Dimensional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cohesion on suspended load transport of non-uniform sediments

Jain

Kothyari

2010

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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Experimental results are presented on suspended load transport rates of clay eroded from a channel bed made up of two types of cohesive sediment mixtures. The first mixture was prepared using fine gravel and clay with the clay proportion by weight varying from 10 to 50%. In the second mixture, equal proportions of fine gravel and fine sand were mixed with clay in proportions of 10 to 50%. Based on dimensional considerations a computational procedure was developed to estimate the rate of suspended load transport of the clay fraction eroded from the cohesive sediment mixtures. In the absence of cohesion, the proposed computational method transforms to a method for computation of suspended load transport rate of the cohesionless sediment mixtures. Studies on suspended load transport rates of cohesive sediment mixtures containing gravel as presented here were not reported so far in the literature to the best of our knowledge.

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Influence of Cohesion on Scour under Submerged Circular Vertical Jets

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

The influence of system scale on impinging jet sediment erosion: Observed using novel and standard measurement techniques

The influence of system scale on impinging jet sediment erosion: Observed using novel and standard measurement techniques

Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake

Influence of cohesion on suspended load transport of non-uniform sediments

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