Influence of Carvacrol on the Growth Performance, Hematological, Non-Specific Immune and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of phytoadditive carvacrol on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, non-specific immune and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In trial, 240 rainbow trout which had average weight of 10.79 ± 0.57 was used. Fish were divided into four groups before being fed for 60 days with 0, 1 (C1), 3 (C3) or 5 (C5) g/kg of carvacrol. There were no particular differences in the growth performance, feed utilization, whole body composition, hematological parameters between the experimental group and the control group. However, as compared to control group, a significant increase of serum lysozyme activity was seen in groups receiving feed containing C3 and C5 groups after 30 days. The myeloperoxidase activity in groups (C1 and C3) was significantly higher on the 30th day of sampling. Myeloperoxidase activity of C5 treated group was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control group. Serum glucose levels significantly decreased on 60th day for C1, C3 and C5 treated groups. The serum total protein, globulin and triglyceride levels of C3 treated groups was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The level of serum cholesterol in C5 treated groups was significantly lower on the 30th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of 3 g/kg of carvacrol in commercial diets could improve some non-specific and biochemical status in rainbow trout.

Evaluation of oregano essential oil as a growth promoter and resistance stimulator against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)

“…Likewise, Yilmaz et al (2015) found no significant differences in the body composition of O. mykiss juveniles fed carvacrol-supplemented diets. Conversely, other studies have demonstrated the influence of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil, or its active ingredients, on the body composition of different fish species.…”

“…Likewise, no effect was observed on growth parameters in juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed different essential oils, including oregano essential oil (CAMPAGNOLO et al, 2013). As well as there was no significant influence on the results in studies using supplementation with carvacrol (main active ingredient of oregano essential oil) in diets for O. niloticus (FRECCIA et al, 2014), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (VOLPATTI et al, 2014) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (YILMAZ et al, 2015). On the other hand, in contrast to the aforementioned studies, the inclusion of oregano essential oil in the diet resulted in positive effects on the performance of juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (ZHENG et al, 2009), of O. mykiss (AHMADIFAR et al, 2011DILER et al, 2017), and of A. lacustres (=A.…”

“…altiparanae). Other factors may also influence the results obtained with this additive, such as the time of administration, the development phase of the fish and the intrinsic characteristics of each species (CAMPAGNOLO et al, 2013;YILMAZ et al, 2015).…”

“…Among these products, the essential oil of oregano, Origanum sp., has been distinguished not only as a growth promoter (FERREIRA et al, 2014) but also as an antioxidant and antimicrobial (ZHENG et al, 2009). However, there are also reports of studies in which the use of this additive in the diet had no effect on the performance or health of some fish species (VOLPATTI et al, 2014;YILMAZ et al, 2015).…”

The effects of the fig (Ficus carica) extract and onion (Allium capa) extract addition to Cyprinus carpio feeds in different amount on the growth performance

“…Ficus carica, is known to have antimicrobial (Ryu and Jung, 1999) and antioxidant effects (Yang et al, 2009). Recently, several studies have been conducted about the usage of medical plant extracts as prophylactic products as a result of their usage as feed additive in the general animal products and aquaculture, of increase in the growth, and of achievement of positive results (Goda, 2008;Zheng et al, 2009;Yilmaz et al, 2015). Nowadays in aquaculture, there is a need for specifying the in vivo effective doses of alternative agents, which are natural, reliable, antimicrobial, and not giving any harm to the ecosytem, and adding them to the sector.…”