Influence of carbon/nitrogen ratios on biofloc production and biochemical composition and subsequent effects on the growth, physiological status and disease resistance of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) cultured in glycerol-based biofloc systems

Dauda, Akeem Babatunde; Romano, Nicholas; Ebrahimi, Mahdi; Teh, Jun Chin; Ajadi, Abdullateef; Chong, Chou Min; Karim, Murni; Ikhsan, Natrah Fatin Mohd; Kamarudin, Mohd Salleh

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.10.016

Cited by 89 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The volume and mass of the bioflocs produced were estimated by measuring the BFV and TSS content. Unlike the results reported by Dauda et al (), the final TSS content in this study was only 199 mg/L, which may be related to the addition of a carbon source, the C/N ratio and the nutrient content of the commercial diet (Dauda et al, ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

JuvenileProcambarus clarkiifarmed using biofloc technology or commercial feed in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks: A comparison of growth performance, enzyme activity and proximate composition

et al. 2019

Aquac Res

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A 60‐day study comparing the growth performance; proximate composition and the digestive, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) reared using biofloc technology (the biofloc group) or a commercial diet (the control group) in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks was performed. A commercial diet was fed to both groups, and the daily feeding amount in the biofloc group was 40% less than that in the control group. Wheat bran and glucose were used in the biofloc group to ensure a C/N ratio >15 and the same feeding energy as that given to the control group. After 60 days of feeding, the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in the biofloc group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Furthermore, proximate composition analysis showed that the total hepatopancreatic lipid and ash contents of the biofloc group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the intestinal and hepatopancreatic pepsin activities in crayfish in the biofloc group were higher than those in crayfish in the control group. Moreover, higher hepatopancreatic lipase and cellulase activities were observed for the biofloc group than for the control group. Biofloc technology promoted the health of the crayfish in terms of their immune and antioxidant enzyme activities. Based on the results of this study, biofloc technology is more effective than traditional commercial diets for the farming of juvenile crayfish.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

JuvenileProcambarus clarkiifarmed using biofloc technology or commercial feed in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks: A comparison of growth performance, enzyme activity and proximate composition

et al. 2019

Aquac Res

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“…However, after performing a water exchange, the overall water quality became more stable and no abnormal liver histopathology was observed after another 3 weeks of culture. Moreover, the plasma bilirubin levels, which are indicators of liver function (Dauda, Romano, Chen, Ikhsan, & Kamarudin, 2018;Dauda, Romano, Ebrahimi, et al, 2018;Ekasari et al, 2014). In this study, however, the use of FerRB significantly improved both the growth and feeding efficiencies of C. gariepinus juveniles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Previous studies have described C. gariepinus juveniles as being inefficient collectors and consumers of bioflocs and the reason for no growth improvement when cultured under BFT conditions, regardless of the carbon source that included rice bran, molasses, glycerol, or sucrose (Dauda, Romano, Chen, Ikhsan, & Kamarudin, ; Dauda, Romano, Ebrahimi, et al, ; Ekasari et al, ). In this study, however, the use of FerRB significantly improved both the growth and feeding efficiencies of C. gariepinus juveniles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of BFT has successfully improved the growth and feeding efficiencies in various aquatic species such as Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Khanjani, Sajjadi, Alizadeh, & Sourinejad, ; Serra, Gaona, Furtado, Poersch, & Wasielesky, ), tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Long, Yang, Li, Guan, & Wu, ), and the carps Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Zhao et al, ). Additional benefits may also include an improved immune response and/or resistance to diseases as observed in L. vannamei (Ekasari et al, ), rohu Labeo rohita (Ahmad et al, ) and African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Dauda, Romano, Ebrahimi, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermenting rice bran as a carbon source for biofloc technology improved the water quality, growth, feeding efficiencies, and biochemical composition of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles

et al. 2018

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In this study, African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (9.68 ± 0.16 g, mean ± SE) were reared with biofloc technology (BFT) with three different carbon sources; raw rice bran (RRB) or when incubated (24 hr) with Bacillus species under aeration (cellular respiration, ResRB), or without aeration (fermentation, FerRB). The proximate composition, water solubility, and total soluble sugars of RRB, ResRB, and FerRB were measured. A control included fish cultured in a recirculating system. Water quality, biofloc production/proximate composition and subsequent effects to growth, feeding efficiencies, body proximate composition, and selected plasma biochemical parameters to triplicate groups of C. gariepinus were measured after 42 days. FerRB had the lowest crude fibre and higher total soluble sugars and water solubility compared to ResRB or RRB. Biofloc produced with FerRB had significantly higher (p < 0.05) crude protein. Ammonia‐N was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the first 3 weeks in both control and FerRB treatments. Using FerRB significantly improved (p < 0.05) growth, feeding efficiencies, and whole‐body crude protein in African catfish compared to the control and ResRB. Therefore, using FerRB with BFT can be a highly effective strategy to create a zero‐exchange culture system while also significantly improving growth and feeding efficiencies of African catfish juveniles.

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“…Some previous studies had also demonstrated similar results that biofloc did not improve the growth performance of cultured animals (Dauda et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2017;Little et al, 2008;Martins, Flores, Porto, Wasielesky, & Monserrat, 2015;Nootong, Pavasant, & Powtongsook, 2011). Some previous studies had also demonstrated similar results that biofloc did not improve the growth performance of cultured animals (Dauda et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2017;Little et al, 2008;Martins, Flores, Porto, Wasielesky, & Monserrat, 2015;Nootong, Pavasant, & Powtongsook, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of biofloc technology on water quality and feed utilization in the cultivation of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibeliovar. CAS III)

Han

Zhu

et al. 2018

Aquac Res

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This study was designed to use sucrose as carbon source to investigate the effect of biofloc technology on water quality and feed utilization in the cultivation of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III). Three isolipidic and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing graded levels of dietary protein (257.4, 300.7 and 353.4 g/kg). The control group (P34) was fed with 353.4 g/kg protein diet without biofloc. Three biofloc treatments (P24 + B, P29 + B and P34 + B) were fed with the three diets with daily sucrose supplementation and continuous air inflation. The results found that the sucrose supplementation could generate biofloc and increased biofloc volume (BFV, p < 0.05). The concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N) and the total phosphorus (TP) of all tanks decreased in biofloc groups, and the total nitrogen (TN) of P24 + B treatment tanks was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05).The growth of P24 + B and P29 + B group was similar with that of control group (p > 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of P29 + B was lower than P24 + B and P34 + B (p < 0.05). Protein retention efficiency (PRE) of P24 + B group was significantly higher than other treatments (p < 0.05). Phosphorus retention efficiency (PhRE) of P24 + B group was the highest among all treatments. Compared with the control group, P29 + B group had an improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and contained the lowest malondialdehyde level (MDA). The present results indicated that low-protein diet is more suitable for gibel carp in zero-water exchange biofloc system compared with highprotein diet. K E Y W O R D Sbiofloc, Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), saving dietary protein, water purifying

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Influence of carbon/nitrogen ratios on biofloc production and biochemical composition and subsequent effects on the growth, physiological status and disease resistance of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) cultured in glycerol-based biofloc systems

Cited by 89 publications

References 32 publications

JuvenileProcambarus clarkiifarmed using biofloc technology or commercial feed in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks: A comparison of growth performance, enzyme activity and proximate composition

JuvenileProcambarus clarkiifarmed using biofloc technology or commercial feed in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks: A comparison of growth performance, enzyme activity and proximate composition

Fermenting rice bran as a carbon source for biofloc technology improved the water quality, growth, feeding efficiencies, and biochemical composition of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles

Effect of biofloc technology on water quality and feed utilization in the cultivation of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibeliovar. CAS III)

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