Influence of carbohydrate on cytokine and phagocytic responses to 2 h of rowing

Henson, Dru A.; Nieman, David C.; Nehlsen-Cannarella, Sandra L.; Fagoaga, Omar R.; Shannon, Michael P.; Bolton, M. R.; Davis, J. Mark; Gaffney, Catherine; Kelln, Wayne; Austin, Melanie D.; Hjertman, J. M.E.; Schilling, Brian K.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200008000-00005

Cited by 60 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This discrepancy may relate to the lower intensity and duration of exercise in the present study compared with other studies, which have typically involved more intense (i.e., $70% VO2max) and/or prolonged exercise (i.e., $2 h) (1-3). In the present study, plasma glucose concentration at the end of exercise in the isotonic and hypotonic drink trials was similar to or higher than other studies on the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on immunoendocrine responses to exercise (3)(4)(5)(21)(22)(23)(24). Plasma glucose concentration at the end of exercise in the water trial in the present study was also higher than in some other studies (3,23,24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Some studies report that carbohydrate prevents a decline in neutrophil elastase release (3) and oxidative burst activity (25), whereas other studies demonstrate no effect of carbohydrate (2,(22)(23)(24)26). These discrepant findings are likely due to variation in various factors including exercise protocols, the training status of subjects, timing of blood samples and assays of neutrophil function (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Sports Drink Osmolality on Fluid Intake and Immunoendocrine Responses to Cycling in Hot Conditions

Hashimoto

Ishijima

et al. 2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryWe investigated the effects of two carbohydrate-based sports drinks on fluid intake and immunoendocrine responses to cycling. Six well-trained male cyclists completed trials on three separate days that involved cycling at 60% V · O2peak for 90 min in hot conditions (28.161.5˚C and 52.663.1% relative humidity). During each trial, the subjects consumed ad libitum (1) an isotonic sports drink (osmolality 317 mOsm/kg), (2) . Blood glucose concentration was significantly higher at the end of the isotonic and hypotonic drink trials compared with the water trial. Neutrophil count and the plasma concentrations of catecholamines, interleukin 6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase, calprotectin and myoglobin increased significantly during all three trials. IL-6 and calprotectin were significantly lower following the hypotonic drink trial compared with the water trial. In conclusion, hypotonic sports drinks are appealing for athletes to drink during exercise, and may help to offset fluid losses and attenuate some inflammatory responses to exercise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sports Drink Osmolality on Fluid Intake and Immunoendocrine Responses to Cycling in Hot Conditions

Hashimoto

Ishijima

et al. 2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…The systemic plasma concentration of IL-8 increases in response to exhaustive exercise such as running, which involves eccentric muscle contractions [203][204][205]. In contrast, concentric exercise such as bicycle ergometry [206] or rowing [207] of moderate intensity does not increase plasma IL-8 concentration. However, intense cycle ergometry has been reported to increase IL-8 plasma concentration to a small degree [208].…”

Section: Is the Muscle Il-6 Release A Metabolic-related Event?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis

Pinto¹,

Raimondo

Tuttolomondo³

et al. 2012

CPD

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Abstract:It is well established that physically fit individuals have a reduced risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease) and other age-related chronic disorders. Regular exercise is an established therapeutic intervention with an enormous range of benefits. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may be involved in atherosclerosis, diabetes and in pathogenesis of several chronic pathological conditions; recent findings confirm that physical activity induces an increase in the systemic levels of a number of cytokines and chemokines with anti-inflammatory properties. The possibility that regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammation activity, being the interaction between contracting muscle and the other tissues and the circulating cells mediated through signals transmitted by "myokines" produced with muscle contractions. To date the list of myokines includes IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15. During muscle contractions are also released IL1receptor antagonis and sTNF-R, molecules that contribute to provide anti-inflammatory actions.Nevertheless discrepancies, analysis of available researches seem to confirm the efficacy of regular physical training as a nonpharmacological therapy having target chronic low-grade inflammation. Given this, physical exercise could be considerate a useful weapon against local vascular and systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms explain the positive effect of chronic exercise, nevertheless, these mechanisms do not fully enlighten all pathways by which exercise can decrease inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and hence modulate the progression of the underlying disease progress.

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“…Moreover, the study conducted by Nieman et al reported that blood concentration of myokines was increased after treadmill running for 3 hours at the 70% VO2max intensity, in 16 marathon runners [28]. However, moderate intensity exercise using cycle ergometer [29] and rowing [30] does not induce an increase in blood concentration. These results reflected that an increase of myokine concentration in blood is proportional to the type of exercise, the duration, intensity, and muscle mass [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of exercise on expression of myokine and angiogenesis mRNA in skeletal muscle of high fat diet induced obese rat

Shin

Bae

Woo

et al. 2015

J. Exerc. Nutr, Biochem.

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The effect of exercise on expression of myokine and angiogenesis mRNA in skeletal muscle of high fat diet induced obese rat. JENB., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.91-98, 2015 [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular treadmill exercise on the mRNA expressions of myokines and angiogenesis factors in the skeletal muscle of obese rats.[Methods] Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley rats (4weeks old) were divided into the CO (control) and HF (high fat diet) groups. Obesity was induced in the HF group by consumption of 45% high-fat diet for 15 weeks. These groups were further subdivided into training groups (COT and HFT); the training groups conducted moderate intensity treadmill training for 8 weeks. Soleus muscles were excised and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR.[Results] mRNA expression of myokines, such as PGC-1α, IL-6, and IL-15, in the COT and HFT groups (which conducted regular exercise), were higher as compared with the CO and HF groups (p < 0.05). Also, the levels in the HF group were significantly lower when compared with CO group (p < 0.05). Expression of angiogenesis mRNA, namely mTOR, VEGF, and FLT1, were significantly lower in the HF group, as compared to the CO group (p < 0.05). In addition, COT group had a higher expression of mTORC1, mTORC2, VEGF and FLT mRNA, than the CO group (p < 0.05); the HFT group also had higher expressions of mTOR, VEGF and FLT1 mRNA than the HF group (p < 0.05).[Conclusion] These results indicate that mRNA expression of myokines was increased through the activity of muscle contraction, and it also promoted the mRNA expression of angiogenesis due to activation of mTOR. Thus, we conclude that not only under normal health conditions, but in obesity and excess nutritional circumstances also, regular exercise seems to act positively on the glycemic control and insulin sensitivity through the angiogenesis signaling pathway.

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Influence of carbohydrate on cytokine and phagocytic responses to 2 h of rowing

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

The Effects of Sports Drink Osmolality on Fluid Intake and Immunoendocrine Responses to Cycling in Hot Conditions

The Effects of Sports Drink Osmolality on Fluid Intake and Immunoendocrine Responses to Cycling in Hot Conditions

Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis

The effect of exercise on expression of myokine and angiogenesis mRNA in skeletal muscle of high fat diet induced obese rat

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