Influence of Bone Composition and Apparent Density on Fracture Toughness of the Human Femur and Tibia

Yeni, Y. A.; Brown, Christopher U.; Norman, Timothy L.

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(97)00227-5

Cited by 162 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…• linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) fracture toughness (K c ) [1,3,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] • nonlinear-elastic fracture mechanics fracture toughness (J c ) [27,28] • crack-resistance curves (R-curves) [6,7,[28][29][30] • nonlinear methods involving cohesive-zone models [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the toughness of bone: A tutorial with special reference to small animal studies

Ritchie

Koester

Ionova

et al. 2008

Bone

187

214

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Quantitative assessment of the strength and toughness of bone has become an integral part of many biological and bioengineering studies on the structural properties of bone and their degradation due to aging, disease and therapeutic treatment. Whereas the biomechanical techniques for characterizing bone strength are well documented, few studies have focused on the theory, methodology, and various experimental procedures for evaluating the fracture toughness of bone, i.e., its resistance to fracture, with particular reference to whole bone testing in small animal studies. In this tutorial, we consider the many techniques for evaluating toughness and assess their specific relevance and application to the mechanical testing of small animal bones. Parallel experimental studies on wild-type rat and mouse femurs are used to evaluate the utility of these techniques and specifically to determine the coefficient of variation of the measured toughness values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the toughness of bone: A tutorial with special reference to small animal studies

Ritchie

Koester

Ionova

et al. 2008

Bone

187

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The new PDMS simulants provided a superior approximation of the predicted organic tissue response than previously used single material soft tissue synthetic simulants. (Sarvazyan et al, 1998) Relaxed Muscle 3.63×10 4 4.5 920 (Fidanza et al, 1954;Farvid, 2005) Cortical Bone 4.58×10 9 25 1880 (Yeni et al, 1998) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

Payne

Mitchell

Bibb

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…Although comparisons among animals suggest that more highly mineralized tissue is more brittle, only two studies of human bone specimens have shown increased tissue degree of mineralization to be associated with increased brittleness (evaluated as impact energy in cortical bone specimens) [29,30]. Indeed, other studies of human bone specimens have found increased tissue degree of mineralization to be associated with reduced brittleness (measured as compressive toughness in cancellous bone [31], or fracture toughness evaluated in cortical bone [32]). Additionally, a number of studies of human bone specimens did not observe a relationship between tissue degree of mineralization and brittleness (measured as toughness or energy to failure in cortical or cancellous bone [33][34][35][36]).…”

Section: Tissue Degree Of Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can bone turnover modify bone strength independent of bone mass?

Hernandez¹

2008

Bone

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The amount of bone turnover in the skeleton is has been identified as a predictor of fracture risk independent of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and is increasingly cited as an explanation for discrepancies between areal bone mineral density and fracture risk. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain how bone turnover influences bone biomechanics, including regulation of tissue degree of mineralization, the disconnection or fenestration of individual trabeculae by remodeling cavities, and the ability of cavities formed during the remodeling process to act as stress risers. While these mechanisms can influence bone biomechanics, they also modify bone mass. If bone turnover is to explain any of the observed discrepancies between fracture risk and areal bone mineral density, however, it must not only modify bone strength but modify bone strength in excess of what would be expected from the associated change in bone mass. This article summarizes biomechanical studies of how tissue mineralization, trabecular disconnection and the presence of remodeling cavities might have an effect on cancellous bone strength independent of bone mass. Existing data support the idea that all of these factors may have a disproportionate effect on bone stiffness and/or strength, with the exception of average tissue degree of mineralization, which is unlikely to have an effect on bone strength that is independent of aBMD. Disproportionate effects of mineral content on bone biomechanics may instead come from variation in tissue degree of mineralization at the micro-structural level. The biomechanical explanation for the relationship between bone turnover and fracture incidence remains to be determined but must be examined not in terms of bone strength but in terms of bone strength relative to bone mass.

show abstract

Influence of Bone Composition and Apparent Density on Fracture Toughness of the Human Femur and Tibia

Cited by 162 publications

References 30 publications

Measurement of the toughness of bone: A tutorial with special reference to small animal studies

Measurement of the toughness of bone: A tutorial with special reference to small animal studies

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

How can bone turnover modify bone strength independent of bone mass?

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