Conventional dense thin-film composite
(TFC) membranes evince a
universally low water permeability, the increase of which typically
relies on introducing additional transport channels based on intricate
steps within a membrane preparation process. In this study, we reported
a novel and simplified procedure for the fabrication of high-performance
TFC membranes. Specifically, the dissolution of aqueous monomers in
the casting solution was utilized for the following interfacial polymerization
(IP). Since the monomers diffused to the water bath during phase inversion,
the control of precipitation time enabled an effective regulation
of the monomer concentration in the formed polymeric substrates, where
the IP reaction was initiated by the addition of the organic phase.
The entire and uniform embedment of aqueous monomers inside the substrates
contributed to the formation of ultrathin and smooth selective layers.
An excellent separation performance (i.e., water permeability: 34.7
L m–2 h–1 bar–1; Na2SO4 rejection: ∼96%) could be attained
using two types of aqueous monomers (i.e., piperazine and β-cyclodextrin),
demonstrating the effectiveness and universality of this method. Compared
to the conventional immersion-based process, this novel procedure
shows distinct advantages in reducing monomer usage, shortening the
production cycle, and achieving a more superior membrane performance,
which is highly promising for large-scale membrane manufacture.