Influence of biophysical factors and differences in Ojibwe reservation versus Euro-American social histories on forest landscape change in northern Wisconsin, USA

Historical framework to explain long-term coupled human and natural system feedbacks: application to a multiple-ownership forest landscape in the northern Great Lakes region, USA

“…Foresters and other system actors responded differently to the post-cutover forest composition, contributing to variation in land-cover change among tribal and NIPF ownerships, as reported elsewhere (Steen-Adams et al 2011). A main difference is the greater proportion of nonforest land cover (e.g., agriculture-grassland, shrub-herb) on private land, which has been found in other Great Lakes region investigations (Crow et al 1999).…”

“…Land-cover data are derived from historic forest inventories (U.S. Public Land Survey for 1860, Wisconsin Land Economic Inventory for 1930) and remotely sensed imagery (aerial photography for 1950, multi-temporal satellite imagery for 1990). Data source details (RIV quantification) and methods to inter-relate the diverse data sets (classification scheme cross-walk) are described elsewhere (Steen-Adams et al 2011). …”

“…We build on our environmental history study of a multipleownership, transitional forest landscape in the northern Great Lakes region (Steen-Adams et al 2007, 2011 to examine how historical contingency conditions CHANS feedbacks. Past research has documented the landscape history of sites historically dominated by eastern white pine (Pinus strobus).…”

Quantifying Changes of Villages in the Urbanizing Beijing Metropolitan Region: Integrating Remote Sensing and GIS Analysis

“…To reduce the effects of spatial autocorrelation of different explanatory variables and to maximize the number of samples, we selected a subset of the villages using a random sampling approach with a minimum threshold of 400 m for distance [30][31][32]. Consequently, we randomly selected 1276 center points of villages in 1984, based on the database of Baidu Map, historical Landsat images collected in 1984 and some ancillary historical maps, 30% of the total, and the average of the distances between neighboring villages was 1585 m.…”

Historical perspective on the influence of wildfire policy, law, and informal institutions on management and forest resilience in a multiownership, frequent-fire, coupled human and natural system in Oregon, USA

“…Our application of this framework to a set of distinct ownership groups that compose a multiownership landscape addresses the need for broad-scale, cohesive management of wildfire and other disturbances across land ownerships, given that such ecological processes transcend administrative boundaries (Knight andLandres 1998, Spies et al 2007). Only a few historical studies of forest management have investigated multiownership landscapes (e.g., Steen-Adams et al 2011). …”