Historical perspective on the influence of wildfire policy, law, and informal institutions on management and forest resilience in a multiownership, frequent-fire, coupled human and natural system in Oregon, USA

Steen-Adams, Michelle M.; Charnley, Susan; Adams, Mark D. O.

doi:10.5751/es-09399-220323

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For example, research has shown that individuals are more attentive to short-term responses over longterm responses (Dörner 1990, Ullah and Kane 2010, Sterman 2012. In complex social-ecological settings, considerable time may elapse between human activities and the realization of a hazard event (Liu et al 2007, Steen-Adams et al 2017, Fischer 2018. As lags increase, so too may the prospects for actions to result in unintended side effects.…”

Section: Perception Of Trade-offs In Complex Socialecological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition of complexity and trade-offs in a wildfire-prone social-ecological system

Hamilton

Salerno

Fischer

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Wildfire risk is a defining environmental challenge throughout much of the American West, as well as in other regions where complex social and ecological dynamics defy simple policy or management solutions. In such settings, diverse forms of land use, livelihoods, and accompanying values provide the conditions for trade-offs (e.g. between protecting homes from uncontrollable fires and restoring low-severity fire to ecosystems as a natural disturbance process). Addressing wildfire risk requires grappling with these trade-offs at multiple levels-given the need for action by individuals as well as by large and diverse stakeholder groups-and under conditions of considerable complexity. We evaluated how individual and collective perception of trade-offs varies as a function of complexity through analysis of the cognitive maps-representations of perceived causal relationships among factors that structure an individual's understanding of a system-of 111 stakeholders in the Eastern Cascades Ecoregion of central Oregon. Bayesian statistical analysis revealed a strong tendency against perception of trade-offs in individual maps, but not in a collective map that resulted from the aggregation of all individual cognitive maps. Furthermore, we found that lags (the number of factors that mediated the effect of an action on multiple valued outcomes) limited perception of trade-offs. Each additional intervening factor decreased the likelihood of a trade-off by approximately 52% in individual cognitive maps and by 10% in the collective cognitive map. However, the heterogeneity of these factors increased the likelihood of perception of trade-offs, particularly among individual cognitive maps, for which each unit increase of the Shannon diversity index translated into a 20-fold increase in the likelihood of perception of trade-offs. Taken together, these results suggest that features of complexity have distinct effects on individual-and collective-level perception of trade-offs. We discuss implications for wildfire risk decision-making in central Oregon and in other complex wildfire-prone social-ecological systems.

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Section: Perception Of Trade-offs In Complex Socialecological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition of complexity and trade-offs in a wildfire-prone social-ecological system

Hamilton

Salerno

Fischer

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Interventions that promote institutional evolution in line with policy developments can shorten time and accelerate adaptation. Feedback related to forest fires can be carried out in several ways such as providing insight into forest fires, history and system stages, management behavior, ecological conditions, and policy options (Steen-Adams et al, 2017).…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Analysis of Collaborative Governance for Disaster Management on Forest and Land Fires in Indonesia

Ruswandi

Sumartono

Maarif

et al. 2021

IJCS

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This research aims to understand the strategic analysis of collaborative governance on forest and land fire disasters at the ontological and sociological level that are very significant in reducing risk of natural disasters in Indonesia. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a descriptive qualitative research based on theory of public policy, collaborative governance, and strategic management. The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and related documentation in forest and land fire cases in Indonesia. The data were analyzed by using interactive models, which are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological and sociological level by using collaborative governance perspective and strategic analysis of internal, external, supporting, and inhibiting factors for reducing disaster risks and improving disaster management. Vision and mission of public policies on disaster management are needed for improving and providing information to stakeholders regarding regulations and sanctions in natural disaster management and produce a revised relevant regulation for state agencies as public officials in making regulations on disaster management in Indonesia.

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“…Incident management teams could allow wildfire use in areas that promote desired resources, provided that they do not pose a threat to life and property (Wildland Fire Decision Support System, 2018). However, many reservations, as well as private owners, have tended to favor fire suppression to protect timber resources, due to an array of social-economic and cultural constraints (Steen-Adams et al, 2017). Thus, efforts toward landscapelevel, coordinated restoration may require dialogue both within tribal communities and across tribal and nontribal communities about acceptable trade-offs of reintroducing traditional fire as a management tool.…”

Section: Applications To Thinleaf Huckleberry Enhancement and Forest mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional knowledge of fire use by the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs in the eastside Cascades of Oregon

Steen-Adams

Charnley

McLain

et al. 2019

Forest Ecology and Management

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A B S T R A C TWe examined traditional knowledge of fire use by the Ichishikin (Sahaptin), Kitsht Wasco (Wasco), and Numu (Northern Paiute) peoples (now Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, CTWS) in the eastside Cascades of Oregon to generate insights for restoring conifer forest landscapes and enhancing culturally-valued resources. We examined qualitative and geospatial data derived from oral history interviews, participatory GIS focus groups, archival records, and historical forest surveys to characterize cultural fire regimes (CFRs) -an element of historical fire regimes-of moist mixed conifer (MMC), dry mixed conifer (DMC), and shrub-grassland (SG) zones. Our ethnohistorical evidence indicated a pronounced cultural fire regime in the MMC zone, but not in the two drier zones. The CFR of the MMC zone was characterized by frequent (few-year recurrence), low-severity burns distributed in a shifting pattern. This regime helped to maintain forest openings created by previous ignitions, resulting from lightning or possibly human-set, that had burned large areas. The CFR was influenced by the CTWS traditional knowledge system, which consisted of four elements: fire use and associated resource tending practices, tribal ecological principles, the seasonal round (the migratory pattern to fulfill resource needs), and culture. Thinleaf huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), a cultural keystone species, occurs primarily in the MMC zone and was a principle focus of traditional fire use of the CTWS peoples. Fire was deployed to maintain shrub productivity and site access for harvesting. Cessation of fire use by ∼1940 has caused a decline in huckleberry productivity throughout much of the historical harvest zone. Our findings about CFR scale show how a nested, multi-level framework (patch-and landscape-levels) may be employed to reintroduce fire and thereby promote forest restoration and enhance culturally-valued resources. Our findings also highlight the utility of engaging the communities that hold traditional knowledge in the forest management and planning process. pattern of natural ignitions (e.g., lightning-ignited fires) and that of the

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Historical perspective on the influence of wildfire policy, law, and informal institutions on management and forest resilience in a multiownership, frequent-fire, coupled human and natural system in Oregon, USA

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Cognition of complexity and trade-offs in a wildfire-prone social-ecological system

Cognition of complexity and trade-offs in a wildfire-prone social-ecological system

Strategic Analysis of Collaborative Governance for Disaster Management on Forest and Land Fires in Indonesia

Traditional knowledge of fire use by the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs in the eastside Cascades of Oregon

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