Influence of biomaterial surface chemistry on the apoptosis of adherent cells

Abstract

A common component of the foreign-body response to implanted materials is the presence of adherent macrophages that fuse to form foreign-body giant cells (FBGCs). These multinucleated cells have been shown to concentrate the phagocytic and degradative properties of macrophages at the implant surface and are responsible for the damage and failure of the implant. Therefore, the modulation of the presence or actions of macrophages and FBGCs at the material-tissue interface is an extensive area of recent investigations. A possible mechanism to achieve this is through the induction of the apoptosis of adherent macrophages, which results in no inflammatory consequence. We hypothesize that the induction of the apoptosis of biomaterial adherent cells can be influenced by the chemistry of the surface of adhesion. Herein, we demonstrate that surfaces displaying hydrophilic and anionic chemistries induce apoptosis of adherent macrophages at a higher magnitude than hydrophobic or cationic surfaces. Additionally, the level of apoptosis for a given surface is inversely related to that surface's ability to promote the fusion of macrophages into FBGCs. This suggests that macrophages fuse into FBGCs to escape apoptosis.

Growth substrate induced functional changes elucidated by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy in in–vitro cultured human keratinocytes

“…Noninvasive spectroscopic measurements of cellular function in in-vitro cultured cell lines require substrates such as quartz, ZnSe and MirrIR (Ag/SnO 2 coated glass for FTIRM from Kevley Technologies) etc. It has been demonstrated that surfaces and scaffolds for cell culture can induce changes in cellular adhesion and motility [17,18], in their proliferation and differentiation [16,19], and in gene expression [20], ultimately influencing the fate of the cell [21]. Much of the interaction of adherent cells with their culture substrates is dependent on the surface chemistry [18,22] and surface energy [23].…”

“…Recently it has been demonstrated in the literature that these effects can be expressed in the cell at the level of genomic regulation, thus contributing to very fundamental changes in cellular physiology, ultimately resulting in unknown adjustments to cellular proliferation, motility and, in some cases, phenotype [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In this work we have demonstrated that measurements of cellular proliferation and viability on coated spectroscopic substrates can be correlated with spectral changes induced by adjustments to cell physiology when cultured on the different coatings.…”

“…This ultimately results in increasing proliferation and motility, which is also dependent on the charge distribution presented by the ECM coating molecule to the adhering cell [18][19][20][21][22][23]25]. Ultimately the reaction of the cell to such influences are complex, being the cumulative effect of the increased or decreased regulation of a number of stimulatory pathways in the cell, with the end physiological change in any given cell being dependent on the cell and substrate ECM [50,51].…”

Macrophage interactions with polylactic acid and chitosan scaffolds lead to improved recruitment of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a comprehensive study with different immune cells

“…Although monocytes could be cultured for 48 h on two-dimensional TCPS surfaces, their prolonged incubation on this surface led to poor cell survival. This suggests that monocytes failed to remain attached on TCPS for a 7 day period, which led to a decrease in the number of monocytederived macrophages probably due to anoikis [38,39]. Interestingly, the same outcome was not verified for macrophages incubated in the three-dimensional biomaterials, indicating that the three-dimensional scaffold microenvironment stimulated macrophage metabolism and survival.…”

Integrin binding specificity regulates biomaterial surface chemistry effects on cell differentiation

“…cell adhesion ͉ signaling ͉ osteoblast ͉ mineralization B iomaterial surface chemistry modulates in vitro and in vivo cellular responses, including adhesion, survival, cell cycle progression, and expression of differentiated phenotypes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). These cell-material interactions regulate cell and host responses to implanted devices, biological integration of biomaterials and tissue-engineered constructs, and the performance of cell arrays and biotechnological cell culture supports (9)(10)(11)(12).…”