Influence of betaine on blood metabolites of Alpine and Angora kids

Puchała, R.; Sahlu, T.; Herselman, M.J.; Davis, Julia

doi:10.1016/0921-4488(95)00725-z

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The lipolytic effect of the vinasse would probably be related to its high betaine content (Table 3). Indeed, the involvement of betaine in lipolysis offers interesting challenge for lean meat production in meat-producing cattles (Fernandez et al 2000) and some researchers indicated a positive effect of betaine on protein metabolism (Mitchel et al 1979;Puchala et al 1995). It has been demonstrated that betaine supplementation significantly reduced the subcutaneous fat at the 12th and 13th ribs in female lambs.…”

Section: Carcass Measurements and Meat Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) on performance and meat chemical composition of Holstein male calves

Zali

Eftekhari²,

Fatehi

et al. 2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Twenty-four Holstein male calves (BW ¼ 320 ± 48kg) were used to evaluate the effects of vinasse supplementation on growth, carcase and meat chemical composition and total-tract digestibility in a randomised complete block design. The calves were divided into four groups and allocated to four diets: a maize/barley-based diet with no added vinasse (C); a diet containing 5% (DM basis) vinasse (LV); a diet containing 10% (DM basis) vinasse (MV) and a diet containing 15% (DM basis) vinasse (HV). Amount of feed offered was recorded daily and the calves were weighed monthly and slaughtered after 4 months of trial. Dry matter intake was not affected significantly by treatments. Calves fed with C and LV diets had higher live slaughter weight, ADG, longissimus muscle area and lower feed efficiency than calves fed the MV and HV diets (p < .001). Digestibility of OM, EE and NDF were not different between C and LV diets (p > .05), but it was decreased as the level of vinasse increased to the level of 15% in HV diet (p < .05). No differences were detected in the NH 3 -N and molar proportion of rumen VFAs except for propionate, in which calves were fed the C and LV diets had higher concentration of propionate and total VFAs compare to those fed the MV and HV diets (p < .05). These results showed that vinasse can be included in the growing calves ration around 5% without adverse effects and would promote carcase composition. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Carcass Measurements and Meat Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) on performance and meat chemical composition of Holstein male calves

Zali

Eftekhari²,

Fatehi

et al. 2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…In studies using Angora and Alpine kids, Puchala et al} (1995) observed an increase in methionine concentration in plasma as a result of intravenous betaine injection in both sets of kids. It was hypothesized as to whether it was not only elevated Hcy remethylation that contributed to the increased levels of methionine, but direct utilisation of the betaine methyl group.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of plasma homocysteine in the assessment of vitamin B₁₂status of pasture-fed sheep

Furlong

Sedcole

Sykes

2010

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree ofM.Appl.Sc. Improvement of HPLC methodology was carried out to resolve peak integrity, precision, run time and stability issues encountered previously in the assay ofHcy. An Evaluation ofEighty two pregnant ewes, half of which were supplemented with a Co bullet, were grazed together on a Southland property known to be Co deficient. Half of the lambs from each group were supplemented with 3mg microencapsulated Cbl (SMARTShot™) one month after lambing (day 0), providing four groups. Lambs were blood sampled and weighed, at monthly intervals, until approximately 210 days of age and were weaned at day 89.A 40% difference in mean liveweight was recorded between the supplemented and unsupplemented lamb groups. Mean monthly total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 ~mol/l. On day 0 tHey concentrations in lambs from supplemented 11 and unsupplemented ewe groups were 4.0 and 2.2 /lmol/l; a difference which was significant (p <0.001). Subsequently there were no differences between unsupplemented and supplemented lamb groups.This lack of effect occurred despite plasma concentrations of MMA and Cbl at which response to supplementation could be expected and L WG responses to Cbl supplementation were observed. Unsupplemented lamb MMA and Cbl concentrations (> 16 /lmol/l and <170 pmol/l, respectively, compared to the deficient status thresholds from reference ranges of > 13 /lmol/l and <200 pmol/l respectively) were attained on day 57. No correlation between Hcy and MMA or Cbl concentrations was detected even in individual animals whose performance was severely compromised by deficiency. This suggested that the biological importance of the Hcy pathway means that it is highly conserved, even in extreme deficiency.To purSue this further, data 'from a previous supplementation trial in which 34 individual unsupplemented animals had been removed due to welfare issues, due to severe ill-health, were examined. Mean tHcy concentrations ranging from 6 -13 /lmolll were recorded, in association with Cbl concentrations below 200 pmol/l throughout and steady rise in MMA concentration to very high values (from 10 -26 /lmol/l). The severity of the deficiency at onset was characterised by rapid response to supplementation although tHcy showed no associated change as a consequence.In conclusion, the measurement of tHcy as a metabolic indicator of Cbl deficiencyIn sheep on typical New Zealand pasture appears to have no value in detecting the incidence or assessment of the severity of the disease. The possibility that diet and other factors such as alternative pathways, including the betaine -methionine metabolic pathways, may regulate and conserve methylation pathways is discussed, but a conclusion that MMA is the first rate limiting pathway and the metabolic indicator of choice in predicting the clinical Cbl status in sheep, seems most plausible.

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“…Following the intraduodenal infusion of betaine, concentrations of plasma methionine, cystine and glycine increased in calves ) and small ruminants (Puchala et al 1995); however, cystine levels were not affected in small ruminants. The increase in glycine concentration reveals that complete de-methylation of betaine occurs which makes methyl groups available for metabolic functions.…”

Section: Animal Performance and Carcass Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock

et al. 2005

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The present review summarises the potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine as a feed additive in relation to performance criteria in livestock production. Betaine, the trimethyl derivative of the amino acid glycine, is a metabolite of plant and animal tissues. In plants, betaine is particularly synthesised and accumulated as an osmoprotectant against salt and temperature stress. In animals, betaine is the product of choline oxidation or it originates from nutritional sources. Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the potential effects of betaine supplementation on animal performance. Due to its chemical structure, betaine shows the characteristics of a dipolar zwitterion resulting in osmoprotective properties. Promoting effects on the intestinal tract against osmotic stress occurring during diarrhoea or coccidiosis have been reported following betaine supplementation in pigs and poultry. There is also some evidence that dietary betaine may improve the digestibility of specific nutrients. As a product of choline oxidation, betaine is involved in transmethylation reactions of the organism. Betaine as a methyl donor provides its labile methyl groups for the synthesis of several metabolically active substances such as creatine and carnitine. Supplementation with betaine may decrease the requirement for other methyl donors such as methionine and choline. There is also some evidence for enhanced methionine availability after dietary supplementation of betaine resulting in improved animal performance. Alterations in the distribution pattern of protein and fat in the body have been reported following betaine supplementation. A more efficient use of dietary protein may result from a methionine-sparing effect of betaine, but also direct interactions of betaine with metabolism-regulating factors have to be considered. Though the mode of action of betaine as a carcass modifier remains open, there is, however, growing evidence that betaine could have a positive impact both on animal performance and carcass quality.

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Influence of betaine on blood metabolites of Alpine and Angora kids

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) on performance and meat chemical composition of Holstein male calves

Effect of vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) on performance and meat chemical composition of Holstein male calves

An evaluation of plasma homocysteine in the assessment of vitamin B₁₂status of pasture-fed sheep

Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock

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Influence of betaine on blood metabolites of Alpine and Angora kids

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) on performance and meat chemical composition of Holstein male calves

Effect of vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) on performance and meat chemical composition of Holstein male calves

An evaluation of plasma homocysteine in the assessment of vitamin B12status of pasture-fed sheep

Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock

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An evaluation of plasma homocysteine in the assessment of vitamin B₁₂status of pasture-fed sheep