Influence of bank materials, bed sediment, and riparian vegetation on channel form along a gravel-to-sand transition reach of the Upper Tualatin River, Oregon, USA

Labbe, Jim M.; Hadley, Keith S.; Schipper, Aafke M.; Leuven, R.S.E.W.; Gardiner, Christine Perala

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.013

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Increased quantities of dissolved components in groundwater, especially SO4, Cl, and Na, have been demonstrated by Naseem et al [155] to indicate the presence of relict saltwater trapped in bedrock fissures and cracks and salty pore water in marine clay and silt deposits. For example, the Tualatin River in Oregon, the United States, has significant background amounts of phosphorus [156]; for arsenic, go to India and Bangladesh [157].…”

Section: Influence Of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors On Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Khan

Janjuhah

Kontakiotis

et al. 2021

JMSE

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The Indus River is Asia’s longest river, having its origin in the Tibet Mountain northwest of Pakistan. Routed from northern Gilgit and flowing to the plains, the river passes through several provinces and is connected by numerous small and large tributaries. The river was formed tectonically due to the collusion of the Indian and Eurasian plates, which is referred to as the Indus suture Plains zone (ISPZ). The geological setting of the study area is mainly composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The river passed through a variety of climatic zones and areas, although the predominant climate is subtropic arid and sub arid to subequatorial. Locally and globally, anthropogenic activities such as building, dams, and water canals for irrigation purposes, mining exploration, and industries and factories all affected the physical and chemical behaviors of the sediments in various rivers. The main effect of human activities is the reworking of weathered soil smectite, a chemical weathering indicator that rises in the offshore record about 5000 years ago. This material indicates increased transport of stronger chemically weathered material, which may result from agriculture-induced erosion of older soil. However, we also see evidence for the incision of large rivers into the floodplain, which is also driving the reworking of this type of material, so the signal may be a combination of the two. Sediments undergo significant changes in form and size due to clashing with one another in the high-charge river.

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Section: Influence Of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors On Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Khan

Janjuhah

Kontakiotis

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…They stressed the importance of including the silt-plus-clay fraction of river banks in the channel pattern discriminator, especially for sand-bed rivers. Similarly, Labbe et al (2011) showed that the channel form changed primarily due to a change in bank material along the Upper Tualatin River, USA. Finally, Candel et al (2020) showed that the average silt-plus-clay fraction of river banks could be used to discriminate self-constrained rivers with complex channel patterns and low mobility from meandering rivers with classical sinuous channel patterns and greater mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Predicting river channel pattern based on stream power, bed material and bank strength

Candel

Kleinhans

Makaske

et al. 2020

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Rivers exhibit a wide variety of channel patterns, and predicting changes in channel pattern is important in order to foresee river responses to climate change and river restoration. Many discriminators have been developed to define approximate boundary conditions for different channel patterns, based on channel-pattern-controlling parameters such as discharge and valley gradient. However, presently available discriminators have two main shortcomings. First, they perform poorly for rivers with cohesive, relatively erosion-resistant banks. For this subset, discriminators tend to indicate an actively meandering channel pattern, whereas the river morphology and dynamics show that many of these rivers should be classified as laterally stable. Second, channel pattern discriminators are often used to predict channel patterns, which is only valid when parameters are used that are independent of actual channel pattern. This condition is often not met, as many discriminators use the channel slope or width–depth ratio of the channel as input. To resolve both shortcomings, we first propose an additional class of rivers with scroll bars and tortuous channel patterns, which have an inhibited mobility due to their self-formed cohesive deposits. Second, we compare frequently used empirical and mechanistic channel pattern discriminators, taking into account the success in predicting channel pattern and the independence of causal factors used. Thirdly, we present a novel channel pattern discriminator and predictor that includes the effect of a cohesive floodplain, using the average silt-plus-clay fraction of the river banks as proxy. We show that this new predictor outperforms previously used empirical and mechanistic approaches, and successfully predicts channel pattern for 87% of the rivers from a dataset of 70. This new predictor is widely applicable, as it is relatively simple and based on easily obtainable, and mostly independent, parameters.

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“…For example, hardened banks can cause localized streambed erosion at the base of the banks, undercutting the very structures that were intended to stabilize the channel. Geomorphic and hydraulic channel responses can propagate upstream and downstream from hardened banks, depending on the shape and slope of the channel and the nature of the installed structure (Kassem and Chaudhry, ; Labbe et al ., ). Although few studies have examined it directly, it seems likely that channel adjustments to bank armoring can have negative impacts on aquatic biota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reach‐Scale Geomorphic and Biological Effects of Localized Streambank Armoring

Stein

Cover

Fetscher

et al. 2013

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Armoring of streambanks is a common management response to perceived threats to adjacent infrastructure from flooding or erosion. Despite their pervasiveness, effects of reach-scale bank armoring have received less attention than those of channelization or watershed-scale hydromodification. In this study, we explored mechanistic ecosystem responses to armoring by comparing conditions upstream, within, and downstream of six stream reaches with bank armoring in Southern California. Assessments were based on four common stream-channel assessment methods: (1) traditional geomorphic measures, (2) the California Rapid Assessment Method for wetlands, (3) bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates, and (4) bioassessment with stream algae. Although physical responses varied among stream types (mountain, transitional, and lowland), armored segments generally had lower slopes, more and deeper pools and fewer riffles, and increased sediment deposition. Several armored segments exhibited channel incision and bank toe failure. All classes of biological indicators showed subtle, mechanistic responses to physical changes. However, extreme heterogeneity among sites, the presence of catchment-scale disturbances, and low sample size made it difficult to ascribe observed patterns solely to channel armoring. The data suggest that species-level or functional group-level metrics may be more sensitive tools than integrative indices of biotic integrity to localscale effects.

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Influence of bank materials, bed sediment, and riparian vegetation on channel form along a gravel-to-sand transition reach of the Upper Tualatin River, Oregon, USA

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Predicting river channel pattern based on stream power, bed material and bank strength

Reach‐Scale Geomorphic and Biological Effects of Localized Streambank Armoring

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