Influence of aqueous film forming foams on the solubility and mobilization of non-aqueous phase liquid contaminants in quartz sands

Liao, Shuchi; Saleeba, Zachary S. S. L.; Bryant, J. Daniel; Abriola, Linda M.; Pennell, Kurt D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.116975

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The concentrations of single-solute, binary-solute and six PFAS mixture solutions were confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA) as described below and were in the range of 0.01–110, 0.02–205, and 0.06–580 mg/L, respectively. The pendant drop method was used to determine the interfacial tension between PCE-NAPL and the PFAS solutions at room temperature (22 ± 1 °C). ,, …”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the NAPL partitioning experiments, the interfacial adsorption was estimated with fitted parameters from IFT measurements and used to correct for any mass loss to the NAPL–water interface. The concentration of PCE in the aqueous phase of the NAPL-partition reactors was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . More details are provided in sections II and III in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Column experiments were performed to quantify PFAS transport and retention in the absence and presence of residual PCE-NAPL. Following procedures described previously, borosilicate glass columns (5 cm i.d. × 15 cm length) were packed with air-dried 60–80 mesh OS and flushed with CO 2 gas.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At these sites, the intentional use or accidental release of hydrocarbon fuels and chlorinated solvents during firefighting training activities and emergency response resulted in co-contamination of the subsurface with nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) . Due to their amphiphilic properties, PFAS accumulate at interfaces, and thus, the presence of NAPLs has the potential to influence the transport and distribution of PFAS in the subsurface. , The accumulation or surface excess of PFAS at NAPL–water interface can be estimated on the basis of interfacial tension measurements. − For example, Silva et al measured the interfacial tension between TCE or kerosene and a homologous series of six pefluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) in synthetic groundwater and obtained a log–linear relationship between the interfacial adsorption and PFCA carbon number. Costanza et al examined the interfacial tension between three representative NAPLs (dodecane, tetrachloroethene, and jet fuel) and aqueous solutions containing 0.1–1000 mg/L PFAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Residual Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (NAPLs) on the Transport and Retention of Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Liao

Arshadi

Woodcock

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Per-and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFAS) are known to accumulate at interfaces, and the presence of nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) could influence the PFAS fate in the subsurface. Experimental and mathematical modeling studies were conducted to investigate the effect of a representative NAPL, tetrachloroethene (PCE), on the transport behavior of PFAS in a quartz sand. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), a 1:1 mixture of PFOS and PFNA, and a mixture of six PFAS (PFOS, PFNA, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS)) were used to assess PFAS interactions with PCE-NAPL. Batch studies indicated that PFAS partitioning into PCE-NAPL (K nw < 0.1) and adsorption on 60−80 mesh Ottawa sand (K d < 6 × 10 −5 L/g) were minimal. Column studies demonstrated that the presence of residual PCE-NAPL (∼16% saturation) delayed the breakthrough of PFOS and PFNA, with minimal effects on the mobility of PFBS, PFHpA, PFHxS, and PFOA. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) obtained for PFNA and PFOS alone and in mixtures were nearly identical, indicating the absence of competitive adsorption effects. A mathematical model that accounts for NAPL−water interfacial sorption accurately reproduced PFAS BTCs, providing a tool to predict PFAS fate and transport in cocontaminated subsurface environments.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Residual Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (NAPLs) on the Transport and Retention of Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Liao

Arshadi

Woodcock

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…After a spill, NAPLs migrate downward through the vadose zone and remain trapped in the pore space at residual saturation by capillary forces, in the form of separate phase droplets or ganglia [7]. Light NAPLs float at the water table, while DNAPLs can penetrate the water table and migrate downward into the low permeability layer [8,9]. Over time, NAPLs trapped in the interstitial space may slowly dissolve in groundwater, resulting in long-term persistent sources of aquifer contamination [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic and Natural Surfactants for Potential Application in Mobilization of Organic Contaminants: Characterization and Batch Study

Amanat

Barbati

Rossi

et al. 2022

Water

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In this paper, we investigated the abilities of five sugar-based synthetic surfactants and biosurfactants from three different families (i.e., alkyl polyglycoside (APG), sophorolipid (SL), and rhamnolipid (RL)) to dissolve and mobilize non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) components, i.e., toluene and perchloroethylene (PCE), adsorbed on porous matrices. The objective of this study was to establish a benchmark for the selection of suitable surfactants for the flushing aquifer remediation technique. The study involved a physicochemical characterization of the surfactants to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMCs) and interfacial properties. Subsequently, a batch study, through the construction of adsorption isotherms, made it possible to evaluate the surfactants’ capacities in contaminant mobilization via the reduction of their adsorptions onto a reference adsorbent material, a pine wood biochar (PWB). The results indicate that a synthetic surfactant from the APG family with a long fatty acid chain and a di-rhamnolipid biosurfactant with a shorter hydrophobic group offered the highest efficiency values; they reduced water surface tension by up to 54.7% and 52%, respectively. These two surfactants had very low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), 0.0071 wt% and 0.0173 wt%, respectively; this is critical from an economical point of view. The batch experiments showed that these two surfactants, at concentrations just five times their CMCs, were able to reduce the adsorption of toluene on PWB by up to 74% and 65%, and of PCE with APG and RL by up to 65% and 86%, respectively. In general, these results clearly suggest the possibility of using these two surfactants in surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation technology.

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Effects of anionic hydrocarbon surfactant on the transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in natural soils

Zhang

Lyu

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Influence of aqueous film forming foams on the solubility and mobilization of non-aqueous phase liquid contaminants in quartz sands

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Influence of Residual Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (NAPLs) on the Transport and Retention of Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Influence of Residual Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (NAPLs) on the Transport and Retention of Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Synthetic and Natural Surfactants for Potential Application in Mobilization of Organic Contaminants: Characterization and Batch Study

Effects of anionic hydrocarbon surfactant on the transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in natural soils

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