Influence of annealing on microstructure and optical properties of hot wall deposited PbxSn(1−x)S thin films

Abstract

Pb x Sn (1 − x) S (0.05 b x b 0.20) thin films with the thickness of 2 μm were deposited on glass substrates using hot wall vacuum deposition method at the vacuum pressure of 5 × 10 −4 Pa, wall temperature of 600°С, substrate temperature of 300°С and subsequently annealed at 450°C in vacuum at 5 × 10 −4 Pa. The microstructure and optical properties of the as-deposited and annealed films were examined in relation to the film composition. The explanations of lattice parameter deviations from the bulk crystals for both as-deposited and annealed Pb x Sn (1 − x) S thin films are discussed. The Pb x Sn (1 − x) S thin films exhibit a preferred orientation around the [111] direction. The annealing decreases the film microstrain values and increases the grain size and the degree of preferred orientation. Thermal probe measurements showed the sulfur-deficient films to be p-type and the sulfur-rich films to be n-type. The Pb x Sn (1 − x) S films exhibit direct allowed transitions with energy band gap E g(d) increasing with the increase of Pb mole fraction. The E g(d) values for as-deposited films range from 0.95 to 0.98 eV and for annealed films they variy from 0.90 to 0.94 eV.

Bio-synthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles using Chinese Mahogany plant extract (CMPE@LO) for photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities

“…The obtained nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD to determine the crystal structure. Average crystallite size is also studied using Debye-Scherrer equation [34,35]. It was found to be 22.56 nm.…”

Determining the majority charge carrier, optical and structural properties of electrochemically deposited lead tin sulfide (PbSnS) thin films

“…Numerous methods such as spray pyrolysis [9], thermal evaporation [8], hot wall vacuum deposition [10], hot-wall epitaxy [11], chemical bath deposition [2,12,13] and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) [14], have been used to synthesize PbSnS. However, there are relatively very few publications on the deposition of the ternary PbSnS by electrochemical deposition.…”