Influence of alternating sequential fraction on the melting and glass transition temperatures of ethylene–tetrafluoroethylene copolymer

Arai, Kiyotaka; Funaki, Atsushi; Phongtamrug, Suttinun; Tashiro, Kohji

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.009

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The intrinsic glass transition for EVA (less than −40°C), EPA‐1, EPA‐2 (less than −100°C), and PVDF (approximately −40°C) were not detected since they are out of or at the limit of the test temperature range. The intrinsic glass transition of ETFE was observed at 78°C to 80°C, and the value agreed well with those found in literature …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Tearing and reliability of photovoltaic module backsheets

Yuen

Moffitt

Novoa³

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

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The backsheet in photovoltaic modules belongs to an important class of layered materials where the tearing behavior of the individual layers does not necessarily represent the tearing behavior of the entire backsheet. Such characteristic arises from the interaction between the individual layers during the tearing process, where one layer of the backsheet is mechanically constrained by its neighboring layers and the layers may debond from each other. The mechanical constraint and debonding change the amount of energy dissipated during tearing and affect the overall tearing energy. In this work, we exposed a wide selection of backsheets with polymers including ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) to damp heat (85°C/85%RH) for up to 2000 hours. We report on the effect of damp heat on the tearing energy as a function of damp heat exposure. We developed a model that describes the tearing energy of a layered structure by accounting for the tearing of the individual layers in the backsheet, the effect of mechanical constraint, and the adhesive debonding between the layers. Additionally, we explore the relationship between the microstructural change in the polymers which resulted from the damp heat exposure and the mechanical properties using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), small and wide angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), and tensile testing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Tearing and reliability of photovoltaic module backsheets

Yuen

Moffitt

Novoa³

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…Of course, the decrease here could be a result of decreasing thickness. However, with ETFE, if a particular copolymer is more likely to be nucleated by nanotubes, then the crystallization temperature could be changed since the crystallization temperature in ETFE depends strongly on the composition of the copolymer . As noted previously, the enthalpy of fusion increased with increasing nanotube content suggesting that the fractional crystallinity also increased.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…The melting temperature of the pure polymer was measured at 256°C, which indicates, according to the melting temperature‐composition plot in Ref. , that the composition was between 45 and 50% ethylene. SMW™‐100 CNTs with an average aspect ratio of 94 (average length = 735 nm, average diameter = 7.8 nm) were provided by Southwest Nanotechnologies; the number distribution for length is given in a previous article from our group .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal behavior of the material is also quite interesting and complicated. In a very interesting study by Tashiro and coworkers, the melting temperature of the ETFE copolymer showed a relative maximum at a molar fraction of 50 mol % of TFE repeat units and a relative minimum at 67 mol % TFE content. As the authors noted in the article, this type of relationship between melting temperature and monomer fraction is unique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical, mechanical, and crystallization properties of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Yuan

Guo

Harwell

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were melt‐mixed in a conical twin‐screw extruder with a random copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. Surprisingly, the electrical percolation threshold of the resultant composites was quite low; ∼0.9 wt %. In fact, this value is as low or lower than the value for most MWCNT/semicrystalline polymer composites made with roughly equivalent aspect ratio tubes mixed in a similar manner, for example, melt mixing. This low percolation threshold, suggestive of good dispersion, occurred even though the polymer surface energy is quite low which should make tubes more difficult to disperse. Dynamic mechanical measurements confirmed the rather low percolation threshold. The effect of nanotubes on crystallization kinetics was quite small; suggesting perhaps that a lack of nucleation which in turn reduces/eliminates an insulating crystalline polymer layer around the nanotubes might explain the low percolation threshold. Finally, the modulus increased with the addition of nanotubes and the strain at break decreased. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41052.

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“…ETFEs are extensively applied in a wide range of areas, especially those relating to harsh conditions, including high temperature resistance and advanced flame-retardant cables (and wires) used in aerospace and aeronautics (e.g., shuttles), pipes and tubes applied in caustic and strong acid transportation, and membranes used in modern architecture [1,2]. Because of their prominent properties for diverse applications, ETFEs have attracted considerable attention from researchers, who have studied their molecular parameters and microstructures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], thermal and crystallization behavior [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], steady-state rheological properties [20][21][22], and so on [23][24][25]. However, despite the importance of thermal stability during the processing and application of ETFEs, studies relating to this issue are scarce in the literature; this is particularly true of work done on how to avoid the thermal destruction arising from the thermal-stress-oxidation synergistic effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-mechanical stability of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymer, and modification thereof

et al. 2012

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It is generally accepted that ethylene tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymers (ETFEs) are exceptionally thermal stable materials. However, we found that ETFEs will decompose to some extent when exposed to heat, especially above 300°C and during a dynamic shear process (thermal mechanical degradation, thermalstress-oxidation synergistic destruction). In this article, the dynamic mechanical degradation of ETFE was first verified by dynamic rheometry with the aid of IR analysis, then a facile, environmental friendly solutionnamely the addition of the antiaging agent N,N′-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine (DNP)-was adopted to prevent the degradation. Rotational rheometry and thermogravimetry analysis results proved that this is an applicable strategy. The addition of DNP led to remarkable increases in the initial thermal decomposition temperature, dynamic shear stable duration time, and thermal decomposition activation energy of ETFE without sacrificing its mechanical properties.

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Influence of alternating sequential fraction on the melting and glass transition temperatures of ethylene–tetrafluoroethylene copolymer

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Tearing and reliability of photovoltaic module backsheets

Tearing and reliability of photovoltaic module backsheets

Electrical, mechanical, and crystallization properties of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Thermal-mechanical stability of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymer, and modification thereof

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