Influence of Al₂O₃nanoparticle doping on depolarization temperature, and electrical and energy harvesting properties of lead-free 0.94(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃–0.06BaTiO₃ceramics

Abstract

In this research article, the effects of Al2O3 nanoparticles (0–1.0 mol%) on the phase, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, electric field-induced strain and energy harvesting of the BNT–6BT ceramic were investigated.

Energy harvesting, electrical, and magnetic properties of potassium bismuth titanate-based lead-free ceramics

“…It can be seen that the trend of the FoM value is similar to that of the trend of g 33 value [8]. A comparison of the g 33 and the FoM values with the previously lead-free piezoelectric ceramics is summarized in Table 3 [4,8,42,[67][68][69][70]. It should be noted that the g 33 and the FoM value in this work (x = 5 mol% ceramic) is considered high when compared with many lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.…”

“…Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is an ABO 3 ceramic that is the most widely used piezoelectric ceramic owing to its excellent electrical properties [1][2][3]. However, since lead is hazardous and the toxicity of lead is recognized to be a serious problem, many lead-containing ceramics are banned [1,4]. Among others, the European Union has passed legislations limiting the amount of lead in electronics, with the exception of piezoelectrics until lead-free alternatives are available [5,6].…”

“…However, BT has low piezoelectric charge constant (d 33 = 190 pC/N) and low Curie temperature (T c = 120°C), thus limiting its applications [8]. The BNT has been recognized as potential candidates for developing lead-free piezoelectric materials [9] due to exhibited strong ferroelectric properties with relatively large remnant polarization (P r = 38 μC/cm 2 ) and high Curie temperature (T c = 320°C) [3,4,6,7]. However, their piezoelectric properties degrade at around a depolarization temperature (T d ) of approximately 100 -200°C [9], large coercive field and high conductivity, leading to poor poling treatments and underdeveloped piezoelectric performance [4].…”

“…The BNT has been recognized as potential candidates for developing lead-free piezoelectric materials [9] due to exhibited strong ferroelectric properties with relatively large remnant polarization (P r = 38 μC/cm 2 ) and high Curie temperature (T c = 320°C) [3,4,6,7]. However, their piezoelectric properties degrade at around a depolarization temperature (T d ) of approximately 100 -200°C [9], large coercive field and high conductivity, leading to poor poling treatments and underdeveloped piezoelectric performance [4]. The pure KNN ceramic is expected as one of candidate lead-free materials because these ceramics exhibit high Curie temperature (T c = 420°C) and good ferroelectricity (P r = 33 μC/cm 2 ).…”

Enhanced electric field-induced strain and electrostrictive response of lead-free BaTiO3-modified Bi0.5(Na0.80K0.20)0.5TiO3 piezoelectric ceramics

“…There are several techniques to determine the T d value as can be found in the literatures such as the thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC), piezoelectric resonance measurements, dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss, temperature dependent in situ d 33 , and high-temperature in situ XRD, etc [45]. In this work, the TSDC technique was used to determine the T d value, due to this technique is the most accurate and is highly recommend from many researchers [46,47]. The measurements were performed on the poled ceramics.…”