Influence of Age, Sex, and Production Class on Liver Zinc Concentration in Calves

Puschner, Birgit; Choi, Young-Ku; Tegzes, John H.; Thurmond, Mark

doi:10.1177/104063870401600404

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The mean (SEM) liver zinc wet weight concentrations of the placebo, zinc Met, and ZO treated calves at exit were 145.3 (95.6), 179.1 (114.4), and 137.6 (72.3) mg/kg, respectively, which are below reported mean liver zinc wet weight concentrations of 345.7 (16.1) mg/kg in neonatal Holstein calves with clinical signs of zinc toxicosis (Graham et al, 1988). It has been reported in calves up to one year of age, without clinical signs of zinc deficiency or toxicosis, that acceptable liver zinc concentrations range from 49 to 117 mg/kg wet weight (Puschner et al, 2004a). Based on these data, calves in our trial did not have liver zinc concentrations suggestive of zinc deficiency (24-28 mg/kg wet weight) or toxicosis, but it is possible that there is a wide range of liver zinc concentrations during the first three weeks of life, from birth to weaning, and from weaning to breeding age.…”

Section: Elisa Status At Enrollmentmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The National Research Council (NRC) daily zinc recommendation for calves is 40 mg/kg of total diet. There is a significant effect of age on liver zinc concentrations in calves in that the liver zinc concentrations decrease with time after birth (Puschner et al, 2004a). The low levels found in colostrum and milk replacer may reflect adequate tissue reserves of zinc in the bovine neonate (Abdelrahman and Kincaid, 1993;NRC, 2001).…”

Section: Elisa Status At Enrollmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A double-blind block randomized clinical trial on the effect of zinc as a treatment for diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves under natural challenge conditions

Glover¹,

Puschner²,

Rossow³

et al. 2013

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in neonatal calves and contributes to major economic losses. The objective of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of oral inorganic or organic zinc supplementation as a treatment for neonatal diarrhea in calves. Seventy nine 1 to 8 day old male Holstein calves on a California calf ranch were block randomized to one of 3 treatments within 24h from their first onset of diarrhea. Calves received a daily dose of either a placebo composed of 80 mg of zinc-free powder, 381.54 mg of zinc methionine (Met) (equivalent to 80 mg of zinc), or 99.69 mg of zinc oxide (ZO) (equivalent to 80 mg of zinc) in 2L of a zinc-free oral rehydration solution (ORS). Calves were treated once daily until normal fecal consistency or for a maximum of 14 days. Upon enrollment and exit, calves were weighed, and blood, feces, and liver biopsies were collected for trace mineral analysis. Fecal samples at enrollment and exit were tested for E. coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., rotavirus and coronavirus. Pre-treatment liver zinc concentrations for the 71 calves in the placebo, zinc Met, and ZO treatment groups were 710.6 (SEM=147.7), 852.3 (SEM=129.6), and 750.7 (SEM=202.9)mg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively. Exit liver zinc concentrations for the calves in the placebo, zinc Met, and ZO treatment groups were 728.9 (SEM=182.9), 1141.0 (SEM=423.8), and 636.8 (SEM=81.5)mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Although statistically non-significant, there were clinically important findings identified for each of zinc Met and ZO treatments. Calves treated with zinc Met gained on average 40 g/day during a diarrhea episode compared to a weight loss of 67 g/day on average in the placebo-treated calves (Power 19.9%). Calves treated with ZO had 1.4 times higher hazard of clinical cure compared to calves in the placebo group (Power 5.3%). Calves that were fecal positive to cryptosporidium spp. at enrollment and treated with zinc Met had higher odds of testing negative at exit compared to placebo calves (Odds Ratio (OR)=16.0). In contrast, calves treated with ZO tended to recover (fecal score=1) one day earlier compared to calves treated with a placebo (8.5 d vs. 9.7 d). The current trial identified clinically important findings that warrant further research to investigate zinc's therapeutic effect for calf diarrhea.

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Section: Elisa Status At Enrollmentmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Elisa Status At Enrollmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double-blind block randomized clinical trial on the effect of zinc as a treatment for diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves under natural challenge conditions

Glover¹,

Puschner²,

Rossow³

et al. 2013

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Young animals have a greater need for iron and zinc compared to older animals [1, 20]. This may be the biological explication for the higher liver concentrations typically found in young animals compared to older animals [21, 22]. The zinc level steadily drops from birth until 2 years because growing animals need more zinc than non-growing animals [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018

et al. 2019

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Trace elements and potential toxic elements were analyzed in bovine livers submitted for autopsy in the Netherlands during the years 2007 to 2018. The age of each animal was recorded. In total, 1544 livers were analyzed for cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc. Less than 2% of the liver samples were from veal calves. Young animals had significantly higher concentrations of iron and zinc in their livers compared to animals older than one year, while older animals had significantly higher levels of cadmium and molybdenum in their livers. Animals aged 1 to 2 years had the lowest copper and selenium levels. There was a tendency for lower chromium and nickel levels during the last years of the testing period, while copper showed an increase. Lead intoxication was only seen in the youngest group of cattle, while copper intoxication, defined as a liver copper of more than 1000 mg/kg dry matter, occurred in older animals, mainly in animals of 3 to 4 years old. This trend analysis of trace elements in bovine livers of cattle over time in recent years, and the relation of liver element concentrations with age of the animal, provides insight in the uptake and storage of these elements by cattle in The Netherlands. Possible reasons for observed trends and age-related patterns are discussed.

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“…Regarding Zn concentration in liver, it is possible that its low concentration [compared with values reported by Puls (1994)] is related to the young age of the animals. Puschner et al (2004) observed that Zn concentrations in the liver of calves increased with age. Hepatic Se concentration was considered the best predictor of fetal Se status due to the high correlation between maternal and fetal Se in liver (Gooneratne et al, 1989;Van Saun et al, 1989).…”

Section: Liver Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Utilization of macrominerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct feed efficiencies

Dias

Montanholi

López

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of the study was to evaluate utilization of dietary minerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct residual feed intakes (RFI). Feed intake, body weight (BW), and body composition traits were recorded in 36 crossbred heifers over a period of 37 wk, starting shortly after weaning at 8.3 (0.10; standard deviation) mo of age with an average BW of 276 (7.8) kg. Both BW and body composition were monitored regularly throughout the study, whereas individual feed intake was assessed during the last 84 d of the trial. Data recorded were used to calculate RFI for each heifer. Heifers were ranked based on RFI and assigned to high (n=14) or low (n=10) RFI groups. After the RFI study, 24 selected heifers [age 18.2 (0.14) mo; 87.5 (4.74) d in gestation; 497 (8.5) kg of BW] were used in an indirect digestibility trial (lignin as internal marker). Heifers were fed a ration containing corn silage, haylage, and a mineral premix in which Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, and Co were provided in the diet according to National Research Council requirements of pregnant replacement heifers. The digestibility trial lasted 1 wk, during which samples of feces were gathered twice daily, and blood and liver biopsy samples were collected on the last day. We noted no significant differences between low- and high-RFI heifers in dry matter digestibility. Apparent absorption of Cu, Zn, and Mn was increased in heifers with low RFI, and apparent absorption of Co tended to be greater for these animals. Concentrations of macrominerals and trace elements in serum of pregnant heifers were similar for both groups except for Se, which was increased in the serum of low-RFI heifers. Liver concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn did not differ between low- and high-RFI heifers. In conclusion, whereas improved absorption of some trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co) and increased Se serum concentration appear to be associated with superior feed efficiency in pregnant heifers, further studies are needed to investigate the causality of such relationships.

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Influence of Age, Sex, and Production Class on Liver Zinc Concentration in Calves

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

A double-blind block randomized clinical trial on the effect of zinc as a treatment for diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves under natural challenge conditions

A double-blind block randomized clinical trial on the effect of zinc as a treatment for diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves under natural challenge conditions

Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018

Utilization of macrominerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct feed efficiencies

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