Influence of Age, Sex and Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on the Mechanical Properties of Various Bones in Swine

Crenshaw, Thomas D.; Peo, E. R.; Lewis, A. J.; Moser, B. D.; Olson, D. G.

doi:10.2527/jas1981.5261319x

Cited by 90 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Trabecular bone is found primarily in the vertebral column, pelvis, and at the end of the long bones (Niewoehner, 1988). In young growing pigs, Crenshaw et al (1981b) reported that all the bones they studied responded positively to increased dietary concentrations of Ca and P. However, these authors reported that in older pigs the humerus, third and fourth metacarpal, third metatarsal, and thoracic vertebrae were the only bones found to be responsive to increased dietary Ca and P. The present data differ; the rib showed only a slight increase in bone and ash density to increased dietary Ca concentration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The dissected bones were frozen ( -20°C) until they were analyzed. Bone breaking strength of the rib was determined on the prepared bone using the Instron Universal testing apparatus (Model 1123, Instron, Canton, MA) as described by Crenshaw et al (1981a) and of the thoracic and coccygeal vertebrae as described by Crenshaw et al (1981b). The bones were thawed to room temperature before analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it may be advantageous to use bones such as those from the vertebral column as indicators of Ca status in more mature animals. Several authors have reported different bones to be most sensitive to dietary Ca status: the vertebrae and ribs (Hendrikson, 1968), the caudal vertebrae (Friedel et al, 1973;Poppe et al, 1973), the femur (Tanksley, 1979), and the humerus, metacarpal, metatarsal, and vertebrae (Crenshaw et al, 1981b). The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effect of Ca in sun-cured AM and CaC03 on various bone characteristics from gilts allowed to gestate for two different time periods (phases), to correlate the response of these bones to each other for relative bone activity when dietary Ca changes, and to determine whether the coccygeal bones are sensitive indicators of the Ca status of an animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of calcium source, dietary calcium concentration, and gestation phase on various bone characteristics in gestating gilts2,3

Walker¹,

Danielson²,

Peo³

et al. 1993

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:Sixty gravid crossbred gilts were allotted to a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: two Ca sources (sun-cured alfalfa meal and CaC03), three dietary concentrations of Ca (50, 75, and 100% of NRC requirements), and two phases of gestation (55 and 105 d). The objectives were to determine the effect of Ca source, dietary Ca concentration, and gestation phase on bone characteristics (bone breaking strength, bone ash percentage, bone density, and bone ash density in the rib, thoracic, and coccygeal bones), to correlate bone responses to determine relative bone activity, and to determine reliability of the coccygeal bones as indicators of Ca status in the body. At 55 d, rib strength and coccygeal ash content were lower ( P < .01) than at 105 d of gestation. A gestation phase x Ca concentration ( P < .0 5 ) interaction occurred. As Ca concentration increased, thoracic strength and rib ash responded quadratically during each gestation phase, for which at 55 d a minima and at 105 d a maxima was produced a t 75% of NRC. A Ca source x Ca concentration ( P < .05) interaction occurred. Gilts fed alfalfa had the lowest rib bone and ash density when fed 75% of NRC for Ca, whereas gilts fed CaC03 were highest at this level of Ca compared with the other concentrations. Generally, all bones were positively correlated with respect to their response to dietary Ca concentration. Few negative correlations were observed. At this level of physiological maturity, there was no effect of Ca source and little effect of gestation phase on the bone variables measured at the dietary Ca concentrations used in this experiment. The rib and thoracic bones seem to be the most responsive to dietary Ca concentration.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of calcium source, dietary calcium concentration, and gestation phase on various bone characteristics in gestating gilts2,3

Walker¹,

Danielson²,

Peo³

et al. 1993

Journal of Animal Science

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“…O percentual de cinzas ósseas é o parâmetro mais preciso para a determinação de disponibilidade biológica de fósforo (AKPE et al, 1987;FURTADO, 1991;KOCH et al, 1984;POTTER et al, 1995;WALDROUP, 1996) Existem, além dos parâmetros de cinzas ósseas e peso vivo, outros métodos para determinar a disponibilidade de fósforo: medidas densiométricas ósseas (AKPE et al, 1987;GARZILLO, 1996); medidas de resistência à quebra dos ossos (BURNELL et al, 1990;CRENSHAW et al, 1981b;CROMWELL, 1992;CROMWELL et al, 1993;FROST;ROLAND, 1991;LIMA, 1994;NIMMO et al, 1980;); medidas de parâmetros sanguíneos (BOYD et al, 1983;FERANDES, 1996;GARDINER, 1962;LIMA, 1994) e medidas de cálculos matemáticos que consideram simultaneamente, ganho de peso, eficiência alimentar e porcentagem de cinzas (SULLIVAN, 1966).…”

Section: Revisão De Literaturaunclassified

“…Existem, além dos parâmetros de cinzas ósseas e peso vivo, outros métodos para determinar a disponibilidade de fósforo: medidas densiométricas ósseas (AKPE et al, 1987;GARZILLO, 1996); medidas de resistência à quebra dos ossos (BURNELL et al, 1990;CRENSHAW et al, 1981b;CROMWELL, 1992;CROMWELL et al, 1993; FROST; ROLAND, 1991;LIMA, 1994;NIMMO et al, 1980;); medidas de parâmetros sanguíneos (BOYD et al, 1983; FERANDES, 1996; GARDINER, 1962;LIMA, 1994) Lima e Hays (1996) avaliaram características físicas e químicas de 3 fosfatos quimicamente puros, 4 fosfatos comerciais, 7 fosfatos de uso agrícola e 7 fosfatos de rocha.…”

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Fósforo disponível para frangos de corte em fosfatos para alimentação animal

Cortelazzi¹

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A todos os funcionários do VNP e em especial às secretárias, Cristiane e Lúcia, pela ajuda e principalmente pela amizade, A equipe do laboratório de bromatologia, Ari, Simi, Gilson e Izabel, pelos ensinamentos, paciência e apoio, Aos funcionários do aviário e fábrica de ração por estarem sempre prontos para ajudar, A Doutora Laura Borgatti e a pós graduanda Polyana Arruda, pela ajuda na condução do experimento e especialmente pela amizade, carinho e atenção, A todos os colegas de pós-graduação e todas as pessoas que me ajudaram direta e Foi objetivo do presente estudo avaliar a biodisponibilidade relativa do fósforo a partir de fosfatos comerciais usados na alimentação animal, utilizando-se de 680 pintos de corte, machos, da linhagem Ross, de 1 dia de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 17 tratamentos no período de 21 dias. Foram adicionados dois níveis de fósforo suplementar (0,08 e 0,16%) à dieta basal com baixo nível de fósforo total (0,40%), sendo a fonte padrão de fósforo o fosfato bicálcico quimicamente puro. A biodisponibilidade do fósforo para cada fosfato comercial foi calculada pelo método do "slope ratio" através da regressão dos valores dos parâmetros ósseos (cinzas da tíbia e dedos médio) e desempenho animal (ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar). Os valores de ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e parâmetros ósseos aumentaram em resposta aos incrementos de P na dieta, independentemente da fonte de fósforo. Valores de BRP foram calculados a partir do peso das cinzas nos dedos médio aos 21 dias, sendo que o mais alto valor foi obtido pelo fosfato monossódico quanto comparado aos demais fosfatos testados. The relative bioavailability of phosphorus was studied in a trial with 680 male Ross chicks used in a 21 day .Phosphates were added to the basal diet to provide 0,08 and 0,16% supplemental P. The reference standard was a purified grade calcium phosphate dibasics.Slope ratio technique was used to calculate relative bioavailability of phosphorus, based on bone parameters (tibia and toe ash) and body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio. At day 21, body weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain ratio and bone parameters increased with incremental levels of P in the diet regardless of source. Relative bioavailability of phosphorus based on toe ash was higher from monosodium phosphate as compared with studies phosphates.Key Words: Bioavailability. Broilers. Phosphates. Phosphorus. Assim é evidente a grande preocupação no aperfeiçoamento constante da eficiência alimentar. LISTA DE TABELASO fósforo, depois da energia e da proteína, é considerado o terceiro nutriente mais importante em dietas para aves (LIMA et al., 1994 O fósforo é o segundo componente mineral mais abundante no corpo, sendo que 80% do seu total está presente no sistema esquelético (WALDROUP, 1996). É componente essencial para a formação dos ossos e mantença, necessário para a formação do tecido muscular e formação dos ovos, componentes dos ácidos nucléicos no qual é fundamental no controle do metabolism...

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Intraskeletal Variability of Relative Cortical Area in Humans

Stewart

Goliath

Stout

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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Histomorphometric and cross-sectional geometric studies of bone have provided valuable information about age at death, behavioral and activity patterns, and pathological conditions for past and present human populations. While a considerable amount of exploratory and applied research has been completed using histomorphometric and cross-sectional geometric properties, the effects of intraskeletal variability on interpreting observed histomorphometric data have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study is to quantify intraskeletal variability in the relative cortical area of long bones and ribs from modern humans. To examine intraskeletal variability, cross-sections of the femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, and rib when present, were examined within individuals from a cadaveric collection (N 5 34). Relative cortical area was compared within individuals using a repeated measurements General Linear Model, which shows significant differences between bones, particularly between the rib and the remaining long bones. Complementarily, correlations between bones' relative cortical area values suggest an important allometric component affecting this aspect of long bones, but not of the rib. This study highlights the magnitude of intraskeletal variability in relative cortical area in the human skeleton, and because the relative cortical area of any particular bone is affected by a series of confounding factors, extrapolation of relative cortical area values to infer load history for other skeletal elements can be misleading. Anat Rec, 298:1635Rec, 298: -1643Rec, 298: , 2015. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Influence of Age, Sex and Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on the Mechanical Properties of Various Bones in Swine

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of calcium source, dietary calcium concentration, and gestation phase on various bone characteristics in gestating gilts2,3

Effect of calcium source, dietary calcium concentration, and gestation phase on various bone characteristics in gestating gilts2,3

Fósforo disponível para frangos de corte em fosfatos para alimentação animal

Intraskeletal Variability of Relative Cortical Area in Humans

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