Influence of aerobic capacity, body composition, and thyroid hormones on the age-related decline in resting metabolic rate

Poehlman, Éric T.; Berke, Ethan M.; Joseph, J.; Gardner, Andrew W.; Katzman-Rooks, Shane M.; Goran, Michael I.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(92)90177-c

Cited by 97 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our major ®nding therefore disagrees with four crosssectional studies in the literature on similarly aged males which all reported a greater RMR in trained people when control was exerted for the effect of FFM, but agrees with one other study (Lundholm et al, 1986). Two of the former investigations (Poehlman et al, 1990 used ANCOVA with FFM as the covariate and the others matched the trained and untrained for age and FFM (Nichols et al, 1990;Poehlman et al, 1992a). The study by Lundholm et al, 1986 on ten well-trained (69.2 AE 6.0 y) and ten untrained males (all 71 y) reported a signi®cant difference in absolute basal metabolic rate (BMR) but this disappeared when BMR was indexed to whole body potassium from which the FFM can be estimated (Forbes et al, 1961).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Nevertheless, all (Nichols et al, 1990;Poehlman et al, 1990Poehlman et al, , 1992a but one (Lundholm et al, 1986) cross-sectional study on older males and all (Berke et al, 1992;Poehlman & Danforth, 1991;Poehlman et al, 1992b) but one (Meredith et al, 1989) longitudinal investigation, which were conducted on mixed groups of older males and females, support the hypothesis that aerobic training increases the RMR. However, were the only researchers to use other than the two compartment hydrodensitometric body composition model, or the two compartment total body potassium body composition model (Lundholm et al, 1986), to estimate the FFM which can be used when statistically analysing RMR data for between group differences or treatment effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Resting metabolic rate, body composition and aerobic fitness comparisons between active and sedentary 54 –71 year old males

et al. 1999

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that 55±70 y old male longterm exercisers (LE) have higher resting metabolic rates (RMR) than longterm nonexercisers (LNE).Design: A power analysis demonstrated that this cross-sectional study required 12 subjects per group to detect a 10% RMR difference (kJ Á kg FFM 71 Á d 71 ) between the LE and LNE (power 0.8; a 0.05). Subjects: Twelve LE ( " AE sXdX; 63.5 AE 3.4 y; 1.75 AE 0.06 m; 69.01 AE 8.24 kg; 20.4AE 4.9 %BF) and 12 LNE (63.6 AE 5.6 y; 1.72 AE 0.07 m; 79.44 AE 12.4 kg; 29.6 AE 4.4 %BF) were recruited from advertisements placed in a newspaper and on university and community noticeboards. Interventions: Measurements were conducted for: RMR using the Douglas bag technique; body composition via a four compartment model which is based on determination of body density, total body water and bone mineral mass; and aerobic ®tness using a submaximal work test on a cycle ergometer. Results: The LE (93.00 AE 7.16 kJ Á kg 71 Ád 71 ) registered a signi®cantly greater (P 0.04) RMR than the LNE (84.70 AE 11.23 kJ Á kg 71 Ád 71 ) when energy expenditure was expressed relative to body mass, but this difference disappeared (P 0.55) when the data were corrected for the non-zero intercept of the graph of RMR (MJ/d) against body mass. ANCOVA with FFM as the covariate also indicated that the RMR (MJ/d) difference between the groups was not statistically signi®cant (P 0.28). The adjusted means for the LE and LNE were 6.39 and 6.62 MJ/d, respectively. Conclusions: There are no RMR (MJad) differences between LE and LNE 54±71 y old males when statistical control is exerted for the effect of FFM and the higher value of the former group for RMR normalised to body mass disappears when this ratio is corrected for statistical bias. Sponsorship: This study was supported by a joint grant from the Flinders University of South Australia and CSIRO (Australia).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Resting metabolic rate, body composition and aerobic fitness comparisons between active and sedentary 54 –71 year old males

et al. 1999

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“…Although RMR decreases during energy restriction, there is evidence that RMR is preserved when weight loss is caused by exercise 66 , and recent data suggest that RMR is greater in adults who perform regular aerobic exercise than their sedentary peers. [67][68][69][70][71][72] Compensatory changes can also occur in levels of spontaneous physical activity outside the exercise period of the study. Donnelly and Smith 27 have reported anecdotal observations which suggest that when an exercise program is initiated, spontaneous physical activity might temporarily decline because of fatigue, but returns to baseline levels at some time point and might eventually increase to above baseline levels as fitness increases.…”

Section: Gaps In Our Knowledge Of Physical Activity and Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss

2007

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SummaryThe majority of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) show only modest weight loss with exercise intervention alone, and slight increases in weight loss when exercise intervention is added to dietary restriction. In most RCTs, the energy deficit produced by the prescribed exercise is far smaller than that usually produced by dietary restriction. In prospective studies that prescribed high levels of exercise, enrolled individuals achieved substantially greater weight losscomparable to that obtained after similar energy deficits were produced by caloric restriction. High levels of exercise might, however, be difficult for overweight or obese adults to achieve and sustain. RCTs examining exercise and its effect on weight-loss maintenance demonstrated mixed results; however, weight maintenance interventions were usually of limited duration and long-term adherence to exercise was problematic. Epidemiologic, cross-sectional, and prospective correlation studies suggest an essential role for physical activity in weight-loss maintenance, and post hoc analysis of prospective trials shows a clear dose-response relationship between physical activity and weight maintenance. This article reviews the role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss. We focus on prospective, RCTs lasting at least 4 months; however, other prospective trials, meta-analyses and large systematic reviews are included. Limitations in the current body of literature are discussed.

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“…Fat-free mass declines with age in both men and women (Brozek, 1952;Flynn et al, 1977;Poehlman et al, 1992;. Thus, it is plausible to hypothesize that the reduction in fat-free mass with age partially explains the decline in fat oxidation.…”

Section: Mass Of Metabolically Active Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid metabolism in the elderly

2000

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Adiposity increases with age. The size of the adipose tissue mass is determined by the balance between the recruitment of lipid substrates (ie free fatty acids) from adipose tissue and their subsequent oxidation by respiring tissues. Thus, change in the liberation of free fatty acids from adipocytes, the capacity of respiring tissue to oxidize free fatty acids or a combination of both may contribute to the age-related increase in body fat. This review focuses on studies that have examined the effect of age on free fatty acid release and the capacity of respiring tissues to oxidize fat. In vitro studies have shown that hormonal and pharmacological stimulation of lipolysis diminished with age. Despite this cellular defect, however, in vivo studies suggest that fatty acids are recruited from adipose tissue in excess of the energy demands of the body in older individuals. The capacity of respiring tissues, in particular skeletal muscle, to oxidize fat declines with age. The age-related decrease in fat oxidation is related to a reduction in both the quantity and oxidative capacity of respiring tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that an age-related decrease in the capacity of respiring tissues to oxidize fat, rather than decreased free fatty acid release, is a more likely determinant of lipid imbalance and the age-related increase in adiposity. Interventions designed to increase the mass or oxidative capacity of respiring tissue, therefore, may be effective in counteracting the age-related reduction in fat oxidation. Descriptors: aging; lipid metabolism; free fatty acids; adipose tissue; fat-free mass

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Influence of aerobic capacity, body composition, and thyroid hormones on the age-related decline in resting metabolic rate

Cited by 97 publications

References 33 publications

Resting metabolic rate, body composition and aerobic fitness comparisons between active and sedentary 54 –71 year old males

Resting metabolic rate, body composition and aerobic fitness comparisons between active and sedentary 54 –71 year old males

The role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss

Lipid metabolism in the elderly

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