Influence of additive manufacturing-induced anisotropy on tool wear in end milling of Ti6Al4V

Lizzul, Lucia; Sorgato, Marco; Bertolini, Rachele; Ghiotti, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106200

Cited by 70 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The prior-β grains were deve in a columnar morphology, a typical outcome for EBM-processed Ti-6Al-4V, resu from the highly directional cooling typical of this process [25,28,62]. A continuous of α phase (αGB), nucleated at the prior-β grain boundaries, can be observed in Figu This microstructural feature was also detected by other authors working on EBM cessed Ti-6Al-4V [26,63]. The α+β lamellae were arranged in different substruc within the grains, as highlighted in the examples in Figure 6b,d.…”

Section: Microstructure Investigationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Effect of Aging and Cooling Path on the Super β-Transus Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

et al. 2022

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This work focuses on the effect of different heat treatments on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by means of electron beam melting (EBM). Super β-transus annealing was conducted at 1050 °C for 1 h on Ti-6Al-4V samples, considering two different cooling paths (furnace cooling and water quenching). This heat treatment induces microstructural recrystallization, thus reducing the anisotropy generated by the EBM process (columnar prior-β grains). Subsequently, the annealed furnace-cooled and water-quenched samples were aged at 540 °C for 4 h. The results showed the influence of the aging treatment on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the annealed EBM-produced Ti-6Al-4V. A comparison with the traditional processed heat-treated material was also conducted. In the furnace-cooled specimens consisting of lamellar α+β, the aging treatment improved ductility and strength by inducing microstructural thickening of the α laths and reducing the β fraction. The effect of the aging treatment was also more marked in the water-quenched samples, characterized by high tensile strengths but limited ductility due to the presence of martensite. In fact, the aging treatment was effective in the recovery of the ductility loss, maintaining high tensile strength properties due to the variation in the relative number of α/α’ interfaces resulting from α’ decomposition. This study, therefore, offers an in-depth investigation of the potential beneficial effects of the aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the EBM-processed super β-transus heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy under different cooling conditions.

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Section: Microstructure Investigationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Effect of Aging and Cooling Path on the Super β-Transus Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

et al. 2022

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“…These microstructural features typical of AMed alloys are known to affect the mechanical properties, behaving as preferential fracture paths [ 4 , 28 ]. The αGBs are, thus, material discontinuities that may favor the material removal during cutting as found in previous studies [ 15 ]. Being the prior β grains width lower when using the chessboard scanning strategy, the density of the weak αGBs was higher in these samples, which may have made easier the cutting operation, reducing the strength offered by the material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The influence on the tool wear and surface topography in the milling of Laser Powder Bed Fused (LPBFed) Ti6Al4V parts at different growth inclination angles was investigated in [ 15 ]. The tool wear, as well as the surface roughness, was found to decrease with the decreasing of the inclination angle because of the influence of weak discontinuity zones along the BD that helped the material removal when favorably oriented compared to the cutting edge of the cutting tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V: Effect of the Highly Oriented Microstructure on the Surface Integrity

2021

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Additive manufacturing processes induce a high orientation in the microstructure of the printed part due to the strong thermal gradients developed during the process caused by the highly concentrated heat source that is used to melt the metal powder layer-by-layer. The resulting microstructural anisotropy may have an effect on the post-processing operations such as machining ones. This paper investigates the influence of the anisotropy in turning operations carried out on laser powder bed fused Ti6Al4V parts manufactured with different scanning strategies. The machinability under both transverse and cylindrical turning operations was assessed in terms of surface integrity, considering both surface and sub-surface aspects. The effect of the different cooling conditions, that is flood and cryogenic ones, was studied as well. The outcomes showed that the microstructural anisotropy had a remarkable effect on the machining operations and that the cryogenic cooling enhanced the effect of the anisotropy in determining the surface integrity.

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“…The anisotropy of additive manufacturing samples, not only for WAAM and the specific case for Inconel 718 alloy, was proved as being a major influence in the post-processing procedure, for not only cutting forces and surface quality [ 31 ] for different build and cut directions but also tool wear [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effects of Different Cutting Angles on the End-Milling of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing Inconel 718 Workpieces

2022

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This research presents an analysis of the effects of different cutting angles on the side milling of Inconel 718 products manufactured with the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique. Considering that this manufacturing technology can build near-net shape products, its surface quality is deemed unqualified as a final product, requiring a post-processing step. In this paper, three different angles—0°, 35°, and 90—are compared, looking for possible differences regarding its machinability. As the alloy in question is a material known for being difficult to machine, and the samples were produced with the additive manufacturing technique that created peculiar characteristics, it was deemed necessary to analyze different aspects of the machining process: the surface quality, tool wear, and cutting forces for all three cases, and to rank the angles regarding these results. With analog experiments with the same alloy but cold-rolled, it was possible to infer that not only is the 0-degree angle is the best option for milling, but the anisotropy of the WAAM samples could be the major source of the differences in the milling results.

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Influence of additive manufacturing-induced anisotropy on tool wear in end milling of Ti6Al4V

Cited by 70 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Aging and Cooling Path on the Super β-Transus Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Effect of Aging and Cooling Path on the Super β-Transus Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Turning of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V: Effect of the Highly Oriented Microstructure on the Surface Integrity

Study on the Effects of Different Cutting Angles on the End-Milling of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing Inconel 718 Workpieces

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