Influence of Added Manganese, Magnesium, Zinc, and Calcium Level on Egg Shell Quality

Holder, D. P.; Huntley, D. M.

doi:10.3382/ps.0571629

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, if dietary calcium becomes too excessive, feed palatability, and thus feed consumption, is reduced (Roland et al 1985). Moreover, in the experiment of Holder and Huntley (1978) there were no differences in egg shell thickness and Ca percentage in shells between eggs laid by hens given 2.5 or 3.5% Ca in diets. In our country, because of high feed consumption per hen and not very high laying performance, a level of 3.5% in the diet may be considered sufficient even during the later period of the laying cycle.…”

Section: Ca Levelmentioning

confidence: 81%

Changes in egg shell ąuality during the first year of laying in hens

Kaminska

Skraba²

1992

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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One hundred and four hens of parential stock Astra S were kept in individual cages. Two eggs per hen were taken for analyses at 30, 38, 46, 54 and 62 weeks of hens' age. The total number of 845 eggs were tested. Shell surface area (SSA) was calculated according to the formuła: SSA = egg weight 0 -667 x 4.67, and shell density according to the ratio of weight of dried shell without membranes to SSA. Ca and Mg contents in dried shell without membranes were determined using atomie spectrophotometry absorption methods. Egg weight inereased throughout the laying period, whereas egg shell weight only up to 46 weeks. After 46 weeks shell thickness declined significantly (P<0.01). The highest breakage strength was found at 38 weeks, however, the highest shell density was at 46 and 54 weeks. The highest levels of Ca and Mg in 1 g of shell and their total contents in the shell were at 38 weeks. The Mg:Ca ratio reached the maximum values at 54 weeks. During the laying period not only the total amont of Ca and Mg in shells was undergoing changes but also the chemical composition of shells. These traits proved to be strictly related to the egg shell breakage strength.

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Section: Ca Levelmentioning

confidence: 81%

Changes in egg shell ąuality during the first year of laying in hens

Kaminska

Skraba²

1992

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Most recent investigators report plateaus of shell 'Scientific Paper No. 5418 College of Agriculture Research Center, Washington State University, Project 0296. deposition or quality at calcium levels in a range of 2.75 to 4.0%, the lower end of the range for hens laying at a rate of 60 to 70% and the higher end of the range for hens laying 70 to 80% (Bragg et al, 1971;Scott et al, 1971;Roland et al, 1974;Miller and Sunde, 1975;Summers et al, 1976;Holcombe et al, 1977, Kuhl et al, 1977Holder and Huntley, 1978). Although most reports do not conclude that dietary calcium level affects egg weight, Reichmann and Connor (1977) reported significantly lower egg weight from hens fed 4.3 or 5.7% calcium compared to those fed 3.2 or 2.4%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on Egg Weight and Egg Shell Quality in Laying Hens

Ousterhout

1980

Poultry Science

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Fourteen hundred caged Leghorn hens were fed 10 dietary treatments formulated at three constant calcium levels, 2.75, 3.75, and 4.75%, and two variable levels, decreasing from 3.75 to 2.75% and increasing from 3.75 to 4.75%, each in .25% steps each 8 wks, with each calcium treatment fed at two phosphorus levels, .35 and .45% available or .56 and .65% total, from 28 weeks to 64 weeks of age. Egg weight was highly significant and inversely related to the dietary calcium level; 1% additional calcium depressed egg weight approximately .4 g. Egg shell weight, shell weight per unit surface area (SWUSA), and specific gravity were highly significantly related to dietary calcium level. SWUSA and specific gravity were significantly inversely related to the phosphorus level. Increases of 1% dietary calcium increased shell weight approximately .05 g, SWUSA 1.25 mg, and specific gravity .0013. Egg production and feed efficiency were not significantly affected by any treatment.It appears feasible to lower calcium levels during the early months of production to maximize early egg weight and then increase the calcium levels as the hen ages to maximize shell quality by increasing shell weight while limiting egg weight increase. Excess dietary phosphorus should be avoided for highest shell quality.

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“…Number of pups born alive in Group D was greater than that of Groups B, C, E and F. Number of pups weaned alive for Group D was greater than that of Groups A, B, C and E. Some research results indicate that no significant differences in egg production, egg weight and feed conversion with increasing Mn in the diet of laying hens (Holder and Huntley, 1978;Maurice and Whisenhut, 1980;Sazzad et al, 1994). The results of Sazzad and Bertechini's (1998) study indicate that amount of Mn in the diet may affect the performance of laying hens.…”

Section: Itemsmentioning

confidence: 74%