Influence of a tropical cyclone on Chlorophyll‐a Concentration in the Arabian Sea

Subrahmanyam, Bulusu; Rao, K. H.; Rao, N. Srinivasa; Murty, V. S. N.; Sharp, Ryan J.

doi:10.1029/2002gl015892

Cited by 115 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…The re-suspension and resulting nutrient pulse occurs during tropical cyclone passage, and the surface phytoplankton and algal activity respond to the nutrients now available in the surface waters, causing an increase in chlorophyll a detection within few days (Furnas 1989). The response in surface chlorophyll a levels should be detectable by remote sensing instruments within 10 days of the wind activity in the lagoon area (Subrahmanyam et al 2002;Lin et al 2003;Zheng and Tang 2007;Siswanto et al 2008). 15 Although remotely sensed chlorophyll a concentrations in turbid coastal waters may be confounded by an concurrent influx of total suspended sediments (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Activity, Nutrient Loading, and Algal Blooms over the Great Barrier Reef

Parker

Lynch

Spera

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef ecosystem, is subject to many environmental stressors. This study utilizes remotely sensed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) chlorophyll a concentration data to explore statistically significant relationships between local-scale tropical cyclone disturbance and relative water quality 10 between 2004-2014. The study reveals that tropical cyclone activity reduces water quality at 8-and 16-day time lags.Relationships suggest that at early stages (during and just after cyclone activity) algal response is induced primarily through wind-driven sediment re-suspension. However, wind speed in isolation only increases minimum levels of chlorophyll a, rather than mean or extreme upper values. At greater time lags (16-day), it is suggested that nutrient runoff from rainfall (and perhaps storm surge) increase phytoplankton activity, leading to detrimental ecological effects. The analyses systematically 15 demonstrate the dominance of tropical cyclone size on mean and extreme values of chlorophyll a during and after tropical cyclone activity (at 0-, 8-, and 16-day time lags). Both the total area affected and the area from which nutrients can be extracted have more impact on chlorophyll a concentrations than either the duration or intensity of the cyclone. Findings indicate that efforts to reduce nutrient and sediment leaching into the reef lagoon from the Queensland coastal lands need to be continued and improved. This will be particularly important in the context of climate change, since tropical cyclone 20 frequency, dynamics and characteristics are likely to change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Activity, Nutrient Loading, and Algal Blooms over the Great Barrier Reef

Parker

Lynch

Spera

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…From satellite imagery, it has been determined that the maximum surface cooling occurs before the passage of the eye of the typhoon (D'Asaro, 2003), or a few days after the passage of the eye (Stramma et al, 1986;Subrahmanyam et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vast energy interchanges within the atmosphere and ocean as a result of air-sea interactions have a great effect on both weather and ocean dynamics. The ocean's responses include sea surface cooling (Price, 1981), enhanced entrainment and vertical mixing (Han, Ma, & Chen, 2012;Jacob, Shay, Mariano, & Black, 2000;Lin, Chen, Pun, Liu, & Wu, 2009;Lin, Wu, Pun, & Ko, 2008), inertial oscillation (Black & Dickey, 2008;Morozov & Velarde, 2008;Price, 1981), and enhanced phytoplankton blooming (D'Asaro, 2003;Han et al, 2012;Subrahmanyam, Rao, Rao, Murty, & Sharp, 2002;Sun, Yang, Xian, Lu, & Fu, 2010;Wang & Zhao, 2008;Xian, Sun, Yang, & Fu, 2012;Yang, Fu, Sun, Liu, & Feng, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Responses to Typhoon Namtheun Explored with Argo Floats and Multiplatform Satellites

et al. 2012

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Argo salinity and temperature profiles, along with other sea surface measurements, were used to explore the impacts of Typhoon Namtheun (2004) on the ocean. Namtheun took local enthalpy heat from the sea (0.39-0.7 × 10 8 J m −2 ), cooled the sea surface water as a result of vertical mixing (maximum 3-4°C) and produced heavy precipitation over the sea (100-180 mm). During this time, the vast latent heat released (2.6-4.4 × 10 8 J m −2 ) by the precipitation made a larger contribution to the typhoon's energy budget than the local air-sea enthalpy flux. In the upper ocean, the oceanic responses can be separated into two sub-processes, the fast spin-up accompanied by one-dimensional vertical mixing and the slow spin-down accompanied by the convergence of surface water. From Argo profiles on 28 July, it can be seen that the typhoon-induced surface mixing broke down the seasonal thermocline (approximately 20 db) within one day. In addition, the shallower (<200 db) convergence of the sea surface fresh water as a result of precipitation also made the post-typhoon water fresher (0.04 (practical salinity scale used)). In the deep ocean, the rapid upwelling at the top of the permanent thermocline suggests that the fast spin-up is a barotropic mechanism, probably gravity pressure. During the slow spin-down stage, the upwelling signal propagated downward (approximately 2 m h −1 ) from the shallow water to the deep ocean for about 10 days; this was a baroclinic process. The baroclinic mechanism was more effective in maintaining a cyclonic eddy than in maintaining an inertial wave, and the low sea surface height anomaly and upwelling lasted much longer than the inertial oscillation (>20 days as opposed to approximately 10 days). This change in vertical structure and long-term upwelling could have impacts on the ocean environment and even on the short-term climate.RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Nous nous sommes servis des profils de salinité et de température Argo, de pair avec d'autres mesures de la surface de la mer, pour explorer les répercussions du typhon Namtheun (2004) sur l'océan. Namtheun a pris de la chaleur enthalpique locale de la mer (0.39-0.7 × 10 8 J m −2 ), a refroidi l'eau de la surface de la mer par suite d'un mélange vertical (maximum 3°-4°C) et a produit de fortes précipitations au-dessus de la mer (100-180 mm). Durant ce temps, l'importante quantité de chaleur latente (2.6-4.4 × 10 8 J m −2 ) relâchée par les précipitations a apporté une plus grande contribution au bilan énergétique du typhon que le flux enthalpique air-mer local. Dans la couche supérieure de l'océan, les réponses océaniques peuvent être divisées en deux sous-processus, la surgyration rapide accompagnée d'un mélange vertical unidimensionnel et la dégyration lente accompagnée de la convergence d'eau de surface. Sur les profils Argo du 28 juillet, on peut voir que le mélange en surface produit par le typhon a brisé la thermocline saisonnière (approximativement 20 db) à l'intérieur d'une journée. De plus, la convergence moins profo...

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“…Stramma et al, 1986;Subrahmanyam et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2003;Babin et al, 2004;Davis and Yan, 2004;Platt et al, 2005;Son et al, 2006 and. However, they cannot clarify whether the observed changes in chlorophyll-a concentration are the result of wind-induced nutrient injections or the result of horizontal advection of waters with high chlorophylla concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of storms on primary productivity and air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the subarctic western North Pacific: a modeling study

Fujii

Yamanaka

2008

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Biogeochemical responses of the open ocean to storms and their feedback to climate are still poorly understood. Using a marine ecosystem model, we examined biogeochemical responses to the storms in the subarctic western North Pacific. The storms in summer through early autumn enhance net community production by wind-induced nutrient injections into the surface waters while the storms in the other seasons reduce net community production by intensifying light limitation on the phytoplankton growth due to vertical dilution of the phytoplankton. The two compensating effects diminish the storm-induced annual change of net community production to only 1%. On the contrary, the storms reduce the annual oceanic uptake of the atmospheric CO 2 by 3%, resulting from storm-induced strong winds. Our results suggest that previous studies using climatological wind, sea level pressure, and CO 2 data probably overestimated the air-to-sea CO 2 influx during storms in the subarctic western North Pacific, and therefore, continuous high-frequent observations of these variables are required to reduce uncertainties in the global oceanic CO 2 uptake.

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Influence of a tropical cyclone on Chlorophyll‐a Concentration in the Arabian Sea

Cited by 115 publications

References 11 publications

The Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Activity, Nutrient Loading, and Algal Blooms over the Great Barrier Reef

The Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Activity, Nutrient Loading, and Algal Blooms over the Great Barrier Reef

Ocean Responses to Typhoon Namtheun Explored with Argo Floats and Multiplatform Satellites

Effects of storms on primary productivity and air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the subarctic western North Pacific: a modeling study

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Influence of a tropical cyclone on Chlorophyll‐a Concentration in the Arabian Sea

Cited by 115 publications

References 11 publications

The Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Activity, Nutrient Loading, and Algal Blooms over the Great Barrier Reef

The Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Activity, Nutrient Loading, and Algal Blooms over the Great Barrier Reef

Ocean Responses to Typhoon Namtheun Explored with Argo Floats and Multiplatform Satellites

Effects of storms on primary productivity and air-sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange in the subarctic western North Pacific: a modeling study

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Product

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Effects of storms on primary productivity and air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the subarctic western North Pacific: a modeling study