Influence of a microwave irradiation field on vapor–liquid equilibrium

A helicopter view of microwave application to chemical processes: reactions, separations, and equipment concepts

“…Very recently, a similar kind of study was carried out by Gao et al (2013) using the ethanol/benzene and isooctanol/bis(2-ethyhexyl)phthalate (DOP) binary mixtures, which confirmed that the application of microwave irradiation can shift the VLE obtained under conventional heating. In particular, it is reported that, in the case of the ethanol/benzene binary, the change in the VLE increased with increasing field strength (power applied) until a plateau value.…”

Experimental and theoretical study of microwave enhanced catalytic hydrodesulfurization of thiophene in a continuous-flow reactor

“…where f is microwave frequency (Hz); ε 0 is the dielectric permittivity of free space, 8.85Â10 -12 F$m -1 ; E is the electric field strength inside the material (V$m -1 ); ε" is the dielectric loss factor. Equation (15) states that the power absorbed varies linearly with the loss factor, i.e., a high loss material will be heated more rapidly than a low loss material. In general, the higher the induced polarity, the greater the influence that microwaves may induce.…”

“…Microwave electromagnetic heating has attracted considerable attention for HDS process enhancement and HDS catalyst synthesis due to its specific heating mechanism [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The theory of microwave enhanced chemical reactions were studied by researchers [10][11][12][13][14][15], and the microwave intensifications have been broadly called as the "microwave effect". Generally, the response of the scientific community was to propose two explanations for microwave effect: rapid heating and temperature gradients within the reactor.…”

“…Rapid heating can be attributed to the mode of energy transfer. Microwave energy converts to heat through coupling with polar molecules of the workload [15,16]. The heating effect is induced by the interaction between the electric field and the charged molecules in the workload.…”

Generalized characterization of microwave power absorption for processing of circular shaped materials

“…Microwave assisted heating has gained significant attention over the last few decades, due to various advantages over conventional processing such as faster processing and lower energy consumption (Chandrasekaran et al, 2012(Chandrasekaran et al, , 2013Ciacci et al, 2010;Durairaj and Basak, 2009;Erchiqui, 2013;Gao et al, 2013;Kappe and Dallinger, 2006;Lam and Chase, 2012;Leonelli and Mason, 2010;Lovas et al, 2011;Mutyala et al, 2010;Nuchter et al, 2003;Tyagi and Lo, 2013). The superiority of microwave heating relies mainly on the heating/power absorption pattern.…”