Influence of a device intravaginal to synchronization/induction of estrus and its reuse in sheep vaginal flora

Bragança, José Francisco Manta; Maciel, Jucilmar M.; Girardini, Lilian Kolling; Machado, Sérgio Luiz de Oliveira; Rocha, José; Tonin, Alexandre Alberto; Rocha, Ricardo Xavier da

doi:10.1007/s00580-017-2542-z

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…and S. aureus have been previously related to aerobic vaginitis causing increased inflammatory immune response [17,18] and, specifically for sheep, subsequent reproductive problems [19,20]. Particularly, S. aureus is considered an inhabitant of vulva and vagina and identified as the most common causal agent of purulent vaginitis in ewes [18,21], which is consistent with the presence of purulent vaginal discharges at sponge removal. Although it was not the case in the present trial, there are previous studies reporting that sheep treated with either sponges or CIDR have a high prevalence of E. coli , probably of fecal source, which are opportunistic agents of bacterial vaginitis [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Intravaginal Device-Type and Treatment-Length for Ovine Estrus Synchronization Modify Vaginal Mucus and Microbiota and Affect Fertility

Martínez-Ros

Lozano

Hernández³

et al. 2018

Animals

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Simple SummaryThis study examined the effects of different intravaginal device types used for estrous cycle management in sheep, and the timing of their insertion, on vaginal features (characteristics of vaginal mucus discharge, pH and microbiota) and fertility under field conditions.AbstractInduction and synchronization of estrus and ovulation in sheep is based on intravaginal progestagen-impregnated polyurethane sponges or progesterone-loaded silicon-based devices (CIDR), in either short- (6–7 days) or long-term (12–14 days) protocols. Bearing in mind that the use of intravaginal sponges in long-term protocols has been related to the presence of vaginitis at removal, we compared the effects of sponges and CIDRs, maintained during either 7 or 14 days, on vaginal features (characteristics of vaginal mucus discharge, pH and microbiota) and fertility under field conditions. Almost all the ewes treated with intravaginal sponges showed vaginal discharge at device withdrawal, which was purulent and/or bloody in around 15% and 80% of the females treated for 7 and 14 days, respectively. The vaginal pH and microbiota changed in both groups when compared to control sheep, especially in ewes treated for 14 days, which showed a pH value around 8 and a higher incidence of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, independently of the length of the treatment, only around 15–20% of the sheep treated with CIDRs evidenced vaginal discharge (p < 0.00005 when compared to sponge groups), and such discharge was scarce, clear, and showed no changes in vaginal pH and microbiota when compared to control sheep. Fertility yields were associated with vaginal features, being higher in both short-term treatments (75%) and the long-term CIDR-based treatment (70%) than in the long-term sponge-based treatment (45%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Intravaginal Device-Type and Treatment-Length for Ovine Estrus Synchronization Modify Vaginal Mucus and Microbiota and Affect Fertility

Martínez-Ros

Lozano

Hernández³

et al. 2018

Animals

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“…Studies have shown that local vaginitis and alterations of vaginal flora were present after the ewes were treated with the intravaginal sponge ( 40 , 41 ). Gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria appeared in the vagina after using the vaginal progestogen estrous device ( 42 ). Manes et al revealed that, after the use of intravaginal sponges, the vaginal wall of treated ewes showed epithelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Five Protocols of Estrous Synchronization on Reproductive Performance of Hu Sheep

Bai

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The purpose of this study is to compare five protocols of estrous synchronization for Hu ewes to obtain the most effective and economical protocol, to apply the advantageous scheme in large-scale sheep farming. Healthy multiparous Hu ewes (n = 150) were randomly divided into five groups, and all ewes were administered fluorogestone acetate (FGA, 45 mg) vaginal sponge. The sponges of the first three groups (Groups I, II, and III) were removed on the 11th day, and 0.1 mg of PGF2α was injected intramuscularly on the ninth day. Group I received 6 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by intramuscular injection at 36th h after withdrawal of the sponge. Group II was injected 330 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the ninth day. The combination of 6 μg of GnRH and 330 IU of PMSG was treated in Group III at the same time as Group I and Group II. The sponges of the latter two groups (Groups IV and V) were removed on the 13th day, and 330 IU of PMSG was injected intramuscularly simultaneously. PGF2α (0.1 mg) was administered on the 12th day in Group IV. All ewes were detected for estrus at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after the sponge removal. The loss of sponge and vaginitis was recorded when the sponge was withdrawn. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) was performed with fresh semen of Dorper rams diluted with skimmed milk. After 30 days of insemination, the conception was detected with a veterinary B-ultrasound scanner. The lambing status of all ewes and the cost of drugs for estrous synchronization in each group were recorded. The results showed the following: (1) on the whole, the average percentage of estrous ewes in the period of 24–36 h and 36–48 h after removal was significantly higher than other three periods and that of the period of 60–72 h was significantly lower than the first three periods after removal; (2) there was no significant difference in percentages of estrous ewes in any of the five time periods, sponge loss rate, vaginitis rate, total percentage of estrous ewes, conception rate, single lambing rate, twinning rate, and multiple lambing rate of ewes among five protocols; (3) total percentage of estrous ewes and conception rate were more than or equal to 80% in the Groups II and III, and the twinning lamb rate of the Group II protocol was 70%; (4) there was no difference in lambing rate of ewes among Groups II, III, IV, and V; (5) the Group III had the highest drug cost of 22.5 CNY. In conclusion, considering the lambing rate, twinning lamb rate, and drug cost for estrous synchronization, Group II was the most advisable for application and promotion in large-scale sheep farms among these five protocols of estrus synchronization.

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“…and Staphylococcus aureus (Swartz et al 2014), as well as Escherichia coli of fecal origin (Vasconcelos et al 2016). A particularly important causal agent of purulent vaginitis in ewes is S. aureus (Bragança et al 2017).…”

Section: Implications Of Intravaginal Devices For Animal Health and Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Seventy years of progestagen treatments for management of the sheep oestrous cycle: where we are and where we should go

González-Bulnes

Menchaca

Martin

et al. 2020

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Management of the ovine oestrous cycle is mainly based on the use of exogenous hormones to mimic or enhance (progesterone and its analogues) or manipulate (prostaglandin F2α and its analogues) the activity of the corpus luteum, combined with the application of other hormones mimicking the pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins (e.g. equine chorionic gonadotrophin). These protocols have been applied without major change for decades but, now, there are two reasons to reconsider them: (1) our greatly improved knowledge of the dynamics of ovarian physiology, following the application of transrectal ultrasonography, indicates that modification of the protocols may improve fertility yields and (2) increasing concerns about animal health and welfare, food safety and the environmental impact of the treatments, as evidenced by public opinion and therefore market forces. Here, we offer an overview of these issues, introduce an updated protocol and suggest ways for future improvements to the protocols.

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Influence of a device intravaginal to synchronization/induction of estrus and its reuse in sheep vaginal flora

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Intravaginal Device-Type and Treatment-Length for Ovine Estrus Synchronization Modify Vaginal Mucus and Microbiota and Affect Fertility

Intravaginal Device-Type and Treatment-Length for Ovine Estrus Synchronization Modify Vaginal Mucus and Microbiota and Affect Fertility

Comparison of Five Protocols of Estrous Synchronization on Reproductive Performance of Hu Sheep

Seventy years of progestagen treatments for management of the sheep oestrous cycle: where we are and where we should go

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