Influence of a carbon over-coat on the X-ray reflectance of XEUS mirrors

Lumb, D.; Christensen, Finn Erland; Jensen, Christian Damsgaard; Krumrey, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.06.049

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The SPO development in the past focused on demonstrating in a holistic approach the entire production chain, from wafer up to optical bench level, at one focal length and radius, on which we reported extensively in [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. This included a complete set of environmental tests on mirror module level, resulting in a technology readiness level (TRL) of ~5 at the current stage.…”

Section: Technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon pore optics development for ATHENA

Collon¹,

Vacanti

Günther

et al. 2015

SPIE Proceedings

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The ATHENA mission, a European large (L) class X-ray observatory to be launched in 2028, will essentially consist of an X-ray lens and two focal plane instruments. The lens, based on a Wolter-I type double reflection grazing incidence angle design, will be very large (~ 3 m in diameter) to meet the science requirements of large effective area (1-2 m 2 at a few keV) at a focal length of 12 m. To meet the high angular resolution (5 arc seconds) requirement the X-ray lens will also need to be very accurate. Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology has been invented to enable building such a lens and thus enabling the ATHENA mission. We will report in this paper on the latest status of the development, including details of X-ray test campaigns.

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Section: Technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon pore optics development for ATHENA

Collon¹,

Vacanti

Günther

et al. 2015

SPIE Proceedings

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“…High-Z metallic coatings such as platinum, tungsten, gold, or iridium are typically used to increase the reflectivity [24]. Patterning of the coated surface by metallic masks [25] or lithographic processes [21] is necessary to ensure bondability of the silicon mirror plates during the stacking process.…”

Section: Production Of Silicon Porementioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Pore Optics Technologies and Their Application in Space Telescopes

Bavdaz

Collon

Beijersbergen

et al. 2010

X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation

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Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) is a new X-ray optics technology under development in Europe, forming the ESA baseline technology for the International X-ray Observatory candidate mission studied jointly by ESA, NASA, and JAXA. With its matrix-like structure, made of monocrystalline-bonded Silicon mirrors, it can achieve the required angular resolution and low mass density required for future large X-ray observatories. Glass-based Micro Pore Optics (MPO) achieve modest angular resolution compared to SPO, but are even lighter and have achieved sufficient maturity level to be accepted as the X-ray optic technology for instruments on board the Bepi-Colombo mission, due to visit the planet Mercury. Opportunities for technology transfer to ground-based applications include material science, security and scanning equipment, and medical diagnostics. Pore X-ray optics combine high performance with modularity and economic industrial production processes, ensuring cost effective implementation.

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“…We have developed two methods to apply structured coatings and have demonstrated stacks with Ir and C overcoating [18], W and Pt coatings. We have performed reflectometry to demonstrate that the silicon plates, after all processing steps and including coating have a rms surface roughness of 0.48 nm [17].…”

Section: Figure 5 First Pull Tests Performed On Bonded Plates (Left)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have performed reflectometry to demonstrate that the silicon plates, after all processing steps and including coating have a rms surface roughness of 0.48 nm [17]. The development of wedged plates has led to plates [18] which are now also able to meet the requirements of IXO, which needs a 2.5 times larger wedge angle than XEUS as the wedge angle is proportional to the plate thickness over focal length. Simultaneously, it has been possible to reduce the cost per plate [18] and to test including additional features like integrated baffles.…”

Section: Figure 5 First Pull Tests Performed On Bonded Plates (Left)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of wedged plates has led to plates [18] which are now also able to meet the requirements of IXO, which needs a 2.5 times larger wedge angle than XEUS as the wedge angle is proportional to the plate thickness over focal length. Simultaneously, it has been possible to reduce the cost per plate [18] and to test including additional features like integrated baffles. All of these measures have resulted in a significant improvement in the quality of the stacks, confirmed by X-ray measurements.…”

Section: Figure 5 First Pull Tests Performed On Bonded Plates (Left)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stacking of silicon pore optics for IXO

Collon¹,

Guenther

Ackermann

et al. 2009

SPIE Proceedings

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Silicon pore optics is a technology developed to enable future large area X-ray telescopes, such as the International Xray Observatory (IXO), a candidate mission in the ESA Space Science Programme 'Cosmic Visions 2015-2025'. IXO uses nested mirrors in Wolter-I configuration to focus grazing incidence X-ray photons on a detector plane. The IXO mirrors will have to meet stringent performance requirements including an effective area of ~3 m 2 at 1.25 keV and ~1 m 2 at 6 keV and angular resolution better than 5 arc seconds. To achieve the collecting area requires a total polished mirror surface area of ~1300 m 2 with a surface roughness better than 0.5 nm rms. By using commercial high-quality 12" silicon wafers which are diced, structured, wedged, coated, bent and stacked the stringent performance requirements of IXO can be attained without any costly polishing steps. Two of these stacks are then assembled into a co-aligned mirror module, which is a complete X-ray imaging system. Included in the mirror module are the isostatic mounting points, providing a reliable interface to the telescope. Hundreds of such mirror modules are finally integrated into petals, and mounted onto the spacecraft to form an X-ray optic of four meters in diameter. In this paper we will present the silicon pore optics assembly process and latest X-ray results. The required metrology is described in detail and experimental methods are shown, which allow to assess the quality of the HPOs during production and to predict the performance when measured in synchrotron radiation facilities.

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Influence of a carbon over-coat on the X-ray reflectance of XEUS mirrors

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Silicon pore optics development for ATHENA

Silicon pore optics development for ATHENA

X-Ray Pore Optics Technologies and Their Application in Space Telescopes

Stacking of silicon pore optics for IXO

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