Influence of a 3-month low-calorie Mediterranean diet compared to the vegetarian diet on human gut microbiota and SCFA: the CARDIVEG Study

Pagliai, Giuditta; Russo, Edda; Niccolai, Elena; Dinu, Monica; Pilato, Vincenzo Di; Magrini, Alessandro; Bartolucci, Gianluca; Baldi, Simone; Menicatti, Marta; Giusti, Betti; Marcucci, Rossella; Rossolini, Gian María; Casini, Alessandro; Sofi, Francesco; Amedei, Amedeo

doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02050-0

Cited by 104 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Along with two former studies, we found a reduced but not significant frequency of the genus Prevotella [5]. Moreover, Prevotella enrichment has been linked to a rich-fiber diet, which is the primary source for SFCA including butyrate [46,47]. A lack of Butyrate has been substantiated in PD and is associated to disrupt barrier function and enhanced promote inflammation [7,46,48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory microbiome has been found in obese participants, with a reduction in the Bacteriodetes:Firmicutes ratio and an increase in Proteobacteria by Verdam et al [58]. Additionally, non-digestible carbohydrates not only act as prebiotics by promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms but also reduce proinflammatory cytokine production in humans [47,59]. A metabolic product of some intestinal bacteria is SCFA, which is fermented by the families Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae and the genera Akkermansia, Blautia, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium from a fiber-rich diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interventional Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome Through Dietary Intervention and Bowel Cleansing Might Improve Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

Hegelmaier

Lebbing²,

Duscha

et al. 2020

Cells

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The impact of the gut microbiome is being increasingly appreciated in health and in various chronic diseases, among them neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the pathogenesis of PD, the role of the gut has been previously established. In conjunction with a better understanding of the intestinal microbiome, a link to the misfolding and spread of alpha-synuclein via inflammatory processes within the gut is discussed. In a case-control study, we assessed the gut microbiome of 54 PD patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we tested in this proof-of-concept study whether dietary intervention alone or additional physical colon cleaning may lead to changes of the gut microbiome in PD. 16 PD patients underwent a well-controlled balanced, ovo-lacto vegetarian diet intervention including short fatty acids for 14 days. 10 of those patients received additional treatment with daily fecal enema over 8 days. Stool samples were collected before and after 14 days of intervention. In comparison to HC, we could confirm previously reported PD associated microbiome changes. The UDPRS III significantly improved and the levodopa-equivalent daily dose decreased after vegetarian diet and fecal enema in a one-year follow-up. Additionally, we observed a significant association between the gut microbiome diversity and the UPDRS III and the abundance of Ruminococcaceae. Additionally, the abundance of Clostridiaceae was significantly reduced after enema. Dietary intervention and bowel cleansing may provide an additional non-pharmacologic therapeutic option for PD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome Through Dietary Intervention and Bowel Cleansing Might Improve Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

Hegelmaier

Lebbing²,

Duscha

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…Protective factors against malnutrition are breastfeeding, food, and water safety, the same as these factors play an important role in healthy gut microbiota (GM) [1]. The gut microbiota is a complex component of humans that depends on diet [2], host genome, and lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on the Survival of Lactobacilli with Emphasis on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

et al. 2019

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The gut microbiota is a complex component of humans that depends on diet, host genome, and lifestyle. The background: The study purpose is to find relations between nutrition, intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various environments (human, animal intestine, and yogurt) and sulfate-reducing microbial communities in the large intestine; to compare kinetic growth parameters of LAB; and to determine their sensitivity to different concentration of hydrogen sulfide produced by intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. Methods: Microbiological (isolation and identification), biochemical (electrophoresis), molecular biology methods (DNA isolation and PCR analysis), and statistical processing (average and standard error calculations) of the results were used. The results: The toxicity of hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria, the survival of lactic acid bacteria, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. The measured hydrogen sulfide sensitivity values were the same for L. paracasei and L. reuteri (MIC > 1.1 mM). In addition, L. plantarum and L. fermentum showed also a similar sensitivity (MIC > 0.45 mM) but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than L. reuteri and L. paracasei (1.1 > 0.45 mM). L. paracasei and L. reuteri are more sensitive to hydrogen sulfide than L. fermentum and L. plantarum. L. pentosus was sensitive to the extremely low concentration of H2S (MIC > 0.15 mM). Conclusions: The Lactobacillus species were significantly sensitive to hydrogen sulfide, which is a final metabolite of intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results are definitely helpful for a better understanding of complicated interaction among intestinal microbiota and nutrition.

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“…These complex communities of microbes colonizing the gastrointestinal tract are major players in health. Modern life and diets have progressively induced changes in the composition of the GM, perhaps for the worse, as this can contribute to chronic illnesses (Lozupone et al, 2012;Myles, 2014;Kumar and Forster, 2017;Shanahan et al, 2017;Cryan et al, 2019;Pagliai et al, 2019;Reza et al, 2019). Intestinal microbes can influence brain function through a continuous dialog involving the immune, A double, peripheral, and brain homeostatic control is performed by the intestinal-epithelial and blood-brain barriers under healthy conditions.…”

Section: The Gut-brain Axis and Neurodegeneration: Is There A Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Routes to Neurodegeneration: Passing Through the Blood–Brain Barrier

Giannoni

Claeysen

Noè

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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A bidirectional crosstalk between peripheral players of immunity and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. Hence, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is emerging as a participant mechanism of dysregulated peripheral-CNS interplay, promoting diseases. Here, we examine the implication of BBB damage in neurodegeneration, linking it to peripheral brain-directed autoantibodies and gut-brain axis mechanisms. As BBB breakdown is a factor contributing to, or even anticipating, neuronal dysfunction(s), we here identify contemporary pharmacological strategies that could be exploited to repair the BBB in disease conditions. Developing neurovascular, add on, therapeutic strategies may lead to a more efficacious pre-clinical to clinical transition with the goal of curbing the progression of neurodegeneration.

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Influence of a 3-month low-calorie Mediterranean diet compared to the vegetarian diet on human gut microbiota and SCFA: the CARDIVEG Study

Cited by 104 publications

References 47 publications

Interventional Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome Through Dietary Intervention and Bowel Cleansing Might Improve Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

Interventional Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome Through Dietary Intervention and Bowel Cleansing Might Improve Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on the Survival of Lactobacilli with Emphasis on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Peripheral Routes to Neurodegeneration: Passing Through the Blood–Brain Barrier

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