Influence de la méthode de fertilisation sur la mycorhization contrôlée de deux espèces de Pins méditerranéens

Abstract

-The influence of the fertilisation method: soluble (SF) vs. slow-release fertiliser (SRF) and of inoculation with Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Fr., Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch and Melanogaster ambiguus (Vittad.) Tul & C. Tul. on ectomycorrhizal colonization and growth of Pinus pinea L. and Pinus pinaster Ait. was evaluated. For both pines, mycorrhization with L. laccata was not affected by the fertilisation method. Percentages of ectomycorrhizas (ECM) formed by P. tinctorius were dependent on the fertilisation method, the inoculum type (vegetative or spores) and the pine species involved. ECM formed by M. ambiguus were increased with fertilisation in both pines. Inoculation significantly improved P. pinea biomass when seedlings were fertilised with SRF whereas no effect was found in non-fertilised ones. For non-fertilised P. pinaster, inoculation with L. laccata and both inocula of P. tinctorius increased seedling biomass whereas fertilisation neutralised the fungal effect. Fertilisation increased P. pinea and P. pinaster biomass, independently of the inoculation treatment. Pour les deux pins, la mycorhization avec Laccaria laccata n'a pas été modifiée par la méthode de fertilisation. Le pourcentage d'ectomycorrhizes (ECM) formé by P. tinctorius dépendait de la méthode de fertilisation, su type d'inoculum (spores ou inoculum végétatif) et de l'espèce de pin. La fertilisation a augmenté les ECM produites par Melanogaster ambiguus chez les deux pins. L'inoculation a augmenté significativement la biomasse des semis de Pinus pinea lorsqu'ils ont été fertilisés avec SRF tandis qu'aucun effet n'a été trouvé pour les traitements non fertilisés. Pour les semis non fertilisés de Pinus pinaster, l'inoculation avec Laccaria laccata et avec les deux inoculums de Pisolithus tinctorius a augmenté la biomasse des semis tandis que la fertilisation a neutralisé l'effet de l'inoculation. La fertilisation a augmenté la biomasse de Pinus pinaster et de Pinus pinea indépendamment du traitement d'inoculation utilisé.Pinus pinea / Pinus pinaster / mycorhization contrôlée / champignon ectomycorhizien / pépinière de production de semis / fertilisation

Mycorrhization, growth and nutrition of Pinus halepensis seedlings fertilized with different doses and sources of nitrogen

“…Previously, P. tinctorius was found to be sensitive to high N fertilization (Rincón et al, 2007b). Tolerance to N may correspond to a distinct enzymatic activity that implies a different substrate exploitation method (Taniguchi et al, 2008) and could be one of the factors regulating the distribution of ECM fungi in poor or rich N forests.…”

“…Negative inoculation x fertilization interactions were found, so mycorrhizal effects appeared only at low fertilization, whereas high fertilization eliminated these effects. Interactive effects between fertilization and mycorrhization are frequent (Hilszanska et al, 2008;Parladé et al, 2003;Rincón et al, 2005;2007b;Smith and Read, 1997) and are attributed to the large amount of carbohydrates that the fungus requires to establish symbiosis (Dosskey et al, 1991). This justifies the detrimental effects of the mycorrhiza observed, particularly on the P. tinctorius 3SR strain which reached the highest root colonization levels.…”

Fertilisation of Quercus seedlings inoculated with Tuber melanosporum: effects on growth and mycorrhization of two host species and two inoculation methods

“…In nursery experiments, high fertilisation levels have been found to inhibit the formation of ectomycorrhizas of many fungal species including T. melanosporum (Dupré et al 1982, Beckjord et al 1985, Walker et al 2003, Diaz et al 2010, although Castellano & Molina (1989) noticed that some species are much more tolerant and that fertilisation effect was dependent on the application system, fertiliser type, dose and form. On the other side, Quoreshi & Timmer (2000) and Rincon et al (2007) found fertiliser doses that increased growth of containerised conifer seedling without decreasing colonisation levels of inoculated fungi from various EM species.…”

“…We hypothesised that a moderate fertilisation regime could improve morphological quality of seedlings while maintaining EM colonisation levels suitable for commercial purposes. We assess the effect of fertilisation on growth and EM status of seedlings, applying a dose similar to that used by Rincon et al (2007). We compare the effect of fertilisation on Q. ilex and Q. faginea, a faster-growing species (Sanz-Pé-rez et al 2007), and we evaluate the use of fertilisation in two inoculation methods, root-dipping and root-powdering, both applying inoculum onto roots, although with different carrier materials.…”

Assessment of mycorrhizal colonisation and soil nutrients in unmanaged fire-impacted soils from two target restoration sites

“…This relationship is known to improve plant health by increasing nutrient and water uptake, alleviating environmental stresses and enhancing plant resistance against disease (Quoreshi et al, 2008;Smith and Read, 2008;Rivero et al, 2009). The importance of these mutualistic associations has gained signif icant interest due to increasing costs of irrigation and synthetic fertilisers (McKane and Kandel, 1996;Rincon et al, 2007). The natural soil biota, which includes mycorrhizal fungi, is a very important biotechnological resource and its application represents a step forward in the use of sustainable techniques for forestry production.…”