Mycorrhization, growth and nutrition of Pinus halepensis seedlings fertilized with different doses and sources of nitrogen

Díaz, G.; Carrillo, C.; Honrubia, M.

doi:10.1051/forest/2009125

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In accordance with previous studies, our results show that Pinus seedling growth response to EMF increased with experiment duration (Lekberg and Helgason ) and inoculation of multiple fungal species (Perry et al , Dalong et al ). On the other hand, species mycorrhizal responsiveness decreased with soil fertilization (Browning and Whitney , Diaz et al ) and age of the seedlings when inoculated. We found no conclusive results regarding species responsiveness to EMF inoculation in the native range compared to the introduced range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly invasive tree species are more dependent on mutualisms

Moyano

Rodríguez‐Cabal

Núñez

2020

Ecology

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Citation: Moyano, J., M. A. Rodriguez-Cabal, and M. A. Nuñez. 2020. Highly invasive tree species are more dependent on mutualisms. Ecology 101(5):Abstract. Why some species become invasive while others do not remains an elusive question. It has been proposed that invasive species should depend less on mutualisms, because their spread would then be less constrained by the availability of mutualistic partners. We tested this idea with the genus Pinus, whose degree of invasiveness is known at the species level (being highly and negatively correlated with seed size), and which forms obligate mutualistic associations with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Mycorrhizal dependence is defined as the degree to which a plant needs the mycorrhizal fungi to show the maximum growth. In this regard, we use plant growth response to mycorrhizal fungi as a proxy for mycorrhizal dependence. We assessed the responsiveness of Pinus species to EMF using 1,206 contrasts published on 34 species, and matched these data with data on Pinus species invasiveness. Surprisingly, we found that species that are more invasive depend more on mutualisms (EMF). Seedling growth of species with smaller seeds benefited more from mutualisms, indicating a higher dependence. A higher reliance on EMF could be part of a strategy in which small-seeded species produce more seeds that can disperse further, and these species are likely to establish only if facilitated by mycorrhizal fungi. On the contrary, big-seeded species showed a lower dependence on EMF, which may be explained by their tolerance to stressful conditions during establishment. However, the limited dispersal of larger seeds may limit the spread of these species. We present strong evidence against a venerable belief in ecology that species that rely more on mutualisms are less prone to invade, and suggest that in certain circumstances greater reliance on mutualists can increase spread capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly invasive tree species are more dependent on mutualisms

Moyano

Rodríguez‐Cabal

Núñez

2020

Ecology

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“…Nursery practices must be fine-tuned to encourage colonisation by T. melanosporum, but also to improve vegetative quality of seedlings. However, in nursery fertilisation experiments a conflict between optimal seedling growth and EM colonisation has been reported for many EM fungi (Castellano & Molina 1989, Walker et al 2003, Diaz et al 2010. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain this conflict: (i) the host reducing carbon supply to the fungus due to a greater carbon demand by growing shoots, or (ii) the fungus requiring most carbon received from the plant to assimilation of the greater N uptake (Wallander 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Treseder (2004 showed that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilisations decrease mycorrhizal abundance in the field. In nursery experiments, high fertilisation levels have been found to inhibit the formation of ectomycorrhizas of many fungal species including T. melanosporum (Dupré et al 1982, Beckjord et al 1985, Walker et al 2003, Diaz et al 2010, although Castellano & Molina (1989) noticed that some species are much more tolerant and that fertilisation effect was dependent on the application system, fertiliser type, dose and form. On the other side, Quoreshi & Timmer (2000) and Rincon et al (2007) found fertiliser doses that increased growth of containerised conifer seedling without decreasing colonisation levels of inoculated fungi from various EM species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilisation of Quercus seedlings inoculated with Tuber melanosporum: effects on growth and mycorrhization of two host species and two inoculation methods

García-Barreda¹,

Molina-Grau²,

Reyna³

2017

iForest

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(4)Modern truffle cultivation is based on use of inoculated seedlings, which should exhibit highly colonised roots as well as a vegetative quality enhancing field plant performance. However, poor shoot and fine root growth has been a frequent issue in inoculated Quercus seedlings production. Fertilisation is a common solution in forest nurseries, but high fertilisation levels have been found to inhibit the formation of ectomycorrhizas of many fungal species. The influence of slow-release fertilisation (52 mg N, 26 mg P and 36 mg K per seedling) on growth and ectomycorrhizal status of Tuber melanosporum-inoculated seedlings was evaluated. Host species Quercus ilex and Quercus faginea and inoculation methods involving root-dipping and root-powdering were tested. Fertilisation increased weight of both host species without significant detrimental effects on ectomycorrhizal colonisation, showing that it can be effectively used in inoculated seedlings production. Both host species showed similar response to fertilisation. The inoculation method affected seedling weight and ectomycorrhizal status, suggesting that some inoculant carriers are able to damage Quercus development and T. melanosporum colonisation. The study provided an important basis for fine-tuning the use of fertilisers in truffle-inoculated seedling production.

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“…Interactions with ectomycorrhizae may also explain the absence of effect of leachates supply at low soil fertility. While a high fertilization had been described to be nefast for P. halepensis ectomycorrhizae, at low fertilization level ectomycorrhizae can develop (Diaz et al 2010) and may detoxify phenolic compounds like described on different species (Zeng and Mallik 2006). To our knowledge, no study looked at plant crown architectural response to allelopathy.…”

Section: Interactions With Allelopathic Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…With regard to fertilization, two rates of fertilizer were supplied once by week with irrigation; the first composed of 75 mg N, 8.2 mg P and 20.74 mg K (low fertilization, F-) and the second five times higher (high fertilization F?). Such process and fertilization rates are already used in greenhouse experiment with Aleppo pine saplings (Diaz et al 2010). Finally, the allelopathic factor was tested through the use of leachates (Fernandez et al 2008).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Treatment Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization and allelopathy modify Pinus halepensis saplings crown acclimation to shade

Monnier

Vila

Montès

et al. 2010

Trees

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Pinus halepensis Mill., is a Mediterranean pioneer forest species with shade-intolerant features. The purpose of this study is to better understand how stand fertility and allelopathic properties of adult trees influence shade acclimation of saplings. Crown growth and morphological plasticity were studied under different light, fertilization, and allelopathic conditions in a nursery experiment. We tested whether shade-acclimation capacity increases with fertilization, and is affected by autotoxicity due to pine leachates. We examined stem diameter, and crown characteristics (length, width, shape, and density) in a factorial experiment with two levels for each tested factor: light (full and 20% reduced light), fertilization (low and high rate of NPK fertilizer) and allelopathy (control and allelopathic leachates uptake). In our study, shading induced a significantly higher crown length, width, and surface. Fertilization strongly increased crown length and vertical expended crown shape (the ratio crown length/ crown width). Leachates uptake reduced crown length and density, highlighting an autotoxicity phenomenon. We concluded that P. halepensis saplings presented a shadeavoiding syndrome and that the crown shade-acclimation response increased with fertilization but was severely compromised by autotoxicity. We finally discuss the role of fertilization and allelopathy in early P. halepensis acclimation ability.

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Mycorrhization, growth and nutrition of Pinus halepensis seedlings fertilized with different doses and sources of nitrogen

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Highly invasive tree species are more dependent on mutualisms

Highly invasive tree species are more dependent on mutualisms

Fertilisation of Quercus seedlings inoculated with Tuber melanosporum: effects on growth and mycorrhization of two host species and two inoculation methods

Fertilization and allelopathy modify Pinus halepensis saplings crown acclimation to shade

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