Inflorescence development of flowering and blasted gladiolus plants in relation to development of other plant parts

Shillo, R.; Halevy, A. H.

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(76)90068-6

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…. However, its identification is only possible by dissecting the plant and observing it under a magnification of 14× with a hand lens, as the apex is only about 6 mm in length (Shillo & Halevy, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important field management practice in gladiola occurs at the V3 stage. Nitrogen is side‐dressed at V3 because floral differentiation starts at this stage inside the whorl and is a strong nitrogen sink in the plant (Shillo & Halevy, ). Differentiation of florets is acropetal and the spike is visible at the whorl, right before the last uppermost leaf tip (flag leaf) is visible (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A phenological scale for the development of Gladiolus

Schwab

Streck

Becker

et al. 2015

Annals of Applied Biology

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A staging system for development of gladiola (Gladiolus × grandiflorus) that relies on simple, visual, non-destructive criteria is proposed. Four field trials were conducted during the spring 2010, autumn/winter 2011 and winter 2011 at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with different gladiola cultivars, in order to observe the developmental stages of the above-ground parts and their dry matter. The developmental cycle, which starts at dormant corm and ends with plant senescence, is divided into four developmental phases: dormancy phase, sprouting phase (from filiform roots appearance to sheaths appearance), vegetative phase (from emergence of the first leaf tip to emergence of the final leaf tip on the stem) and reproductive phase (from heading to plant senescence). The developmental stages that were identified during the dormancy phase and during the sprouting phases are coded as S stages: S0 = dormant corm, S1 = appearance of roots, S2.1 = first sheath, S2.2 = second sheath and S2.3 = third sheath. Vegetative phase is coded as V stages: VE = emergence of the sheaths above ground, V1 = first leaf, V2 = second leaf, Vn = nth leaf and VF = flag leaf. Leaf tip is the marker for V1-VF. The developmental stages during the reproductive phases are coded as R stages: R1 = heading, R2 = blooming, R3 = onset of flowering, R4 = end of anthesis, R5 = end of florets senescence and R6 = plant senescence (leaves and floret axis are brown). Sub-stages have also been assigned between R1 and R2 and between R3 and R4. Illustrations (photographs) of each developmental stage taken from field pot-grown plants are provided and the proposed scale was tested with field observations. These criteria are straight forward and allow for quick determination of development stage. This system can be used by both farmers and for experimental trials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phenological scale for the development of Gladiolus

Schwab

Streck

Becker

et al. 2015

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…As inflorescências, como no gladíolo, apresentam desenvolvimento e crescimento afetados pelas condições do ambiente (Shillo & Halevy, 1976), o que pode incluir alterações da velocidade de abertura das flores que as compõem.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aplicabilidade do termo antocrono para representar a velocidade de abertura de flores em inflorescência

Schwab

Streck

Langner

et al. 2014

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um termo para representar o intervalo de tempo de abertura entre flores sucessivas em inflorescências, e verificar a aplicabilidade deste termo a gladíolo de corte. O termo foi construído pela junção dos radicais gregos anto-(antos = flor) e crono-(cronos = tempo), para corresponder ao tempo necessário para a abertura de flores sucessivas em ramos florais (inflorescências), tendo-se como unidade o tempo por flor. Para testar o conceito e a aplicabilidade do termo, dados do número acumulado de floretes abertos em espigas de gladíolo foram coletados em dois experimentos de campo, em Santa Maria, RS, de agosto de 2011 a novembro de 2013. Para cada parcela de seis plantas, realizou-se uma regressão linear simples entre o número acumulado de floretes abertos na haste floral e os dias após a emergência das plantas. O termo foi denominado "antocrono" e, em gladíolo, foi estimado como sendo o inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear, com a unidade dias por florete. O antocrono em gladíolo depende da cultivar e decresce com o aumento da temperatura do ar, durante o período de florescimento da espiga.Termos para indexação: Gladiolus x grandiflorus, antese, fenologia, filocrono, gladíolo, inflorescência. Applicability of the term anthochron for representing the speed rate of flower opening on the inflorescenceAbstract -The objective of this work was to propose a term for representing the time interval between the opening of successive flowers on inflorescences and to verify the applicability of this term to gladiola. The term was built by joining the Greek combining forms antho-(anthos = flower) and chron-(chronos = time), to correspond to the time needed for successive flowers to open on floral stems (inflorescences), having time per flower as unit. In order to test the concept and applicability of the term, data on the accumulated number of opened florets on gladiola spikes were collected from two field experiments, in Santa Maria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from August 2011 to November 2013. For each plot with six plants, a simple linear regression was performed between the accumulated number of opened florets on the stem and the days after plant emergence. The term was called "anthochron", and in gladiola, it was estimated as the inverse of slope of the linear regression, with the unit days per floret. Anthochron in gladiola depends on the cultivar and decreases with the increase of air temperature during the spike flowering period.Index terms:Gladiolus x grandiflorus, anthesis, phenology, phyllochron, gladiola, inflorescence. IntroduçãoAo longo dos últimos anos, no Brasil, o setor de floricultura vem experimentando sucessivas taxas de crescimento -da ordem de 8-10% ao ano em quantidades de produto, e de 12-15% em valores monetários comercializados -, o que comprova o alto potencial de crescimento da atividade no país (Tombolato et al., 2010). Alguns dos principais produtos comercializados nesse setor são as flores de corte compostas por inflorescên...

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“…Roots: The primary root system consisting of 5 to 15 adventitious or assimilatory roots, develops from the base of the corm (Shillo & Halevy, 1976a;Robinson et al, 1980;De Hertogh & Le Nard, 1993;Goldblatt, 1996). These originate from deep within the corm and are involved in the uptake of water and nutrients (Griesbach, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheath leaves (cataphyllsj: These are the first foliar organs produced by the shoot from the main bud of the corm (Goldblatt & Manning, 1998). This bud contains primordia of 9 to 11 sheath leaves, most of which are damaged during emergence, and only the inner most 3 to 4 grow 2 to 4 cm above the soil (Shillo & Halevy, 1976a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%