Inflating fat bubbles in clusters of galaxies by precessing massive slow jets

Sternberg, A.; Soker, Noam

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12802.x

Cited by 35 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The wide jets we have been using over the years are more efficient at producing vortices than narrow jets with a constant axis. However, relative motion of the jets' axis, even for narrow jets, such as a mo-tion of the AGN relative to the ICM or precessing jets, might be more efficient at producing vortices (Sternberg & Soker 2008a) than wide jets with a fixed axis (as we presented here).…”

Section: Long Lived Vortices Motivated By the New Results Ofmentioning

confidence: 62%

Gentle Heating by Mixing in Cooling Flow Clusters

Hillel

Soker

2017

ApJ

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We analyze three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction of jets and the bubbles they inflate with the intra-cluster medium (ICM), and show that the heating of the ICM by mixing hot bubble gas with the ICM operates over tens of millions of years, and hence can smooth the sporadic activity of the jets. The inflation process of hot bubbles by propagating jets forms many vortices, and these vortices mix the hot bubble gas with the ICM. The mixing, hence the heating of the ICM, starts immediately after the jets are launched, but continues for tens of millions of years. We suggest that the smoothing of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) sporadic activity by the long-lived vortices accounts for the recent finding of a gentle energy coupling between AGN heating and the ICM.

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Section: Long Lived Vortices Motivated By the New Results Ofmentioning

confidence: 62%

Gentle Heating by Mixing in Cooling Flow Clusters

Hillel

Soker

2017

ApJ

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“…Therefore, we do not expect that relativist outflow will change our present conclusions, as long as wide bubbles are inflated. For that, either the jets are wide, or there is a relative transverse velocity between the jets and the ICM, e.g., motion of the AGN relative to the ICM and/or jets' precession (Sternberg & Soker 2008a). Well-collimated relativistic jets without transverse velocity relative to the ICM will not heat the ICM efficiently away from their propagation cone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating the intracluster medium by jet-inflated bubbles

Hillel

Soker

2015

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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We examine the heating of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) of cooling flow clusters of galaxies by jet-inflated bubbles and conclude that mixing of hot bubble gas with the ICM is more important than turbulent heating and shock heating. We use the pluto hydrodynamical code in full 3D to properly account for the inflation of the bubbles and to the multiple vortices induced by the jets and bubbles. The vortices mix some hot shocked jet gas with the ICM. For the parameters used by us the mixing process accounts for about four times as much heating as that by the kinetic energy in the ICM, namely, turbulence and sound waves. We conclude that turbulent heating plays a smaller role than mixing. Heating by shocks is even less efficient.

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“…An alternate means of distributing energy over a wide angle is to change the properties of the AGN rather than the cluster. Two‐dimensional simulations in spherically symmetric clusters of slow, wide opening angle jets (Sternberg, Pizzolato & Soker 2007) or narrow, rapidly precessing jets with a wide precession angle (Sternberg & Soker 2008) have been able to effectively distribute energy in the cluster core. Three‐dimensional simulations by Falceta‐Gonçlaves et al (2010b) of slowly precessing jets were also able to produce an approximately isotropic energy distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming against the current: simulations of central AGN evolution in dynamic galaxy clusters

Morsony

Heinz

Brüggen

et al. 2010

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present a series of three‐dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of central active galactic nuclei (AGN)‐driven jets in a dynamic, cosmologically evolved galaxy cluster. Extending previous work, we study jet powers ranging from Ljet= 1044 erg s−1 to Ljet= 1046 erg s−1 and in duration from 30 to 200 Myr. We find that large‐scale motions of cluster gas disrupt the AGN jets, causing energy to be distributed throughout the centre of the cluster, rather than confined to a narrow angle around the jet axis. Disruption of the jet also leads to the appearance of multiple disconnected X‐ray bubbles from a long‐duration AGN with a constant luminosity. This implies that observations of multiple bubbles in a cluster are not necessarily an expression of the AGN duty cycle. We find that the ‘sphere of influence’ of the AGN, the radial scale within which the cluster is strongly affected by the jet, scales as R∝L1/3jet. Increasing the duration of AGN activity does not increase the radius affected by the AGN significantly, but does change the magnitude of the AGN's effects. How an AGN delivers energy to a cluster will determine where that energy is deposited: a high luminosity is needed to heat material outside the core of the cluster, while a low‐luminosity, long‐duration AGN is more efficient at heating the inner few tens of kpc.

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Inflating fat bubbles in clusters of galaxies by precessing massive slow jets

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Gentle Heating by Mixing in Cooling Flow Clusters

Gentle Heating by Mixing in Cooling Flow Clusters

Heating the intracluster medium by jet-inflated bubbles

Swimming against the current: simulations of central AGN evolution in dynamic galaxy clusters

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