Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of cardiovascular disease or mortality: A meta-analysis

Zhang, Xiaoming; Guo, Lin; Zhang, Lei; Liu, Yanming; He, Ruili; Cheng, Guanchang

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06455-x

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our results are in line with findings based on the DII (opposite scoring direction to the AIDI) . In a meta‐analysis of prospective studies, associations between the DII and all‐cause (for higher versus lower pro‐inflammatory diet potential: HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.41), CVD (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.58) and cancer mortality (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51) were observed . One of the studies included in the meta‐analysis was conducted in the same population of women as in the present study (the SMC), and a significant association between the DII and all‐cause mortality (the highest versus the lowest quintile of the DII: HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07–1.47, P for trend = 0.003) was observed, whilst nonsignificant trends towards associations with CVD (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.93–1.70, P for trend = 0.08) and cancer (HR 1.25, 95% CI: 0.96–1.64, P for trend = 0.14) mortality were demonstrated .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The index used in the present study has been validated against high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and was independent of age, smoking status, trunk fat mass, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use, hormone‐replacement therapy use and chronic diseases, and could be used even amongst individuals with hsCRP <3 mg L −1 . Our results are in line with findings based on the DII (opposite scoring direction to the AIDI) . In a meta‐analysis of prospective studies, associations between the DII and all‐cause (for higher versus lower pro‐inflammatory diet potential: HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.41), CVD (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.58) and cancer mortality (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51) were observed .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…To our knowledge, the association between an empirically developed indicator of anti‐inflammatory diet potential and mortality has not been examined, although some studies have used a literature‐based pro‐inflammatory index (DII) based on foods, nutrients including supplements and other bioactive compounds . Moreover, the influence of the anti‐inflammatory diet potential on survival time has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of anti‐inflammatory diet and smoking on mortality and survival in men and women: two prospective cohort studies

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of anti‐inflammatory diet and smoking on mortality and survival in men and women: two prospective cohort studies

et al. 2018

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“…Proponents of Mediterranean-type and DASH-type (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets suggest that these diets can improve risk factors for cardiovascular disease through weight loss itself and owing to their limited sodium content and claimed anti-inflammatory properties 9. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown conflicting results for the dietary effect on markers of cardiovascular disease risk, including blood pressure, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and C reactive protein 689101112. Few reviews have used rigorous meta-analytical techniques to obtain quantitative estimates of the relative effect of different diets 41314.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials

Sadeghirad

Ball

et al. 2020

BMJ

285

173

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Objective To determine the relative effectiveness of dietary macronutrient patterns and popular named diet programmes for weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor improvement among adults who are overweight or obese. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, and CENTRAL from database inception until September 2018, reference lists of eligible trials, and related reviews. Study selection Randomised trials that enrolled adults (≥18 years) who were overweight (body mass index 25-29) or obese (≥30) to a popular named diet or an alternative diet. Outcomes and measures Change in body weight, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and C reactive protein at the six and 12 month follow-up. Review methods Two reviewers independently extracted data on study participants, interventions, and outcomes and assessed risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation) approach. A bayesian framework informed a series of random effects network meta-analyses to estimate the relative effectiveness of the diets. Results 121 eligible trials with 21 942 patients were included and reported on 14 named diets and three control diets. Compared with usual diet, low carbohydrate and low fat diets had a similar effect at six months on weight loss (4.63 v 4.37 kg, both moderate certainty) and reduction in systolic blood pressure (5.14 mm Hg, moderate certainty v 5.05 mm Hg, low certainty) and diastolic blood pressure (3.21 v 2.85 mm Hg, both low certainty). Moderate macronutrient diets resulted in slightly less weight loss and blood pressure reductions. Low carbohydrate diets had less effect than low fat diets and moderate macronutrient diets on reduction in LDL cholesterol (1.01 mg/dL, low certainty v 7.08 mg/dL, moderate certainty v 5.22 mg/dL, moderate certainty, respectively) but an increase in HDL cholesterol (2.31 mg/dL, low certainty), whereas low fat (−1.88 mg/dL, moderate certainty) and moderate macronutrient (−0.89 mg/dL, moderate certainty) did not. Among popular named diets, those with the largest effect on weight reduction and blood pressure in comparison with usual diet were Atkins (weight 5.5 kg, systolic blood pressure 5.1 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 3.3 mm Hg), DASH (3.6 kg, 4.7 mm Hg, 2.9 mm Hg, respectively), and Zone (4.1 kg, 3.5 mm Hg, 2.3 mm Hg, respectively) at six months (all moderate certainty). No diets significantly improved levels of HDL cholesterol or C reactive protein at six months. Overall, weight loss diminished at 12 months among all macronutrient patterns and popular named diets, while the benefits for cardiovascular risk factors of all interventions, except the Mediterranean diet, essentially disappeared. Conclusions Moderate certainty evidence shows that most macronutrient diets, over six months, result in modest weight loss and substantial improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure. At 12 months the effects on weight reduction and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors largely disappear. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42015027929.

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“…Two recent meta-analyses concluded that pro-inflammatory diets are independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and CVD in the general population. This association highlights the fact that a low inflammatory diet could reduce CVD risk (Shivappa et al, 2018;Zhong et al, 2017). However, even though data from a representative national sample of 2,889 Spanish children and young people revealed that diet quality was linked to greater anti-inflammatory potential (Bawaked et al, 2017), there are no data on the potential role of an inflammatory diet in regard to cardiovascular risk factors in populations of young people.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish children and adolescents

Correa‐Rodríguez¹,

González‐Jiménez²,

Rueda‐Medina³

et al. 2018

Research in Nursing & Health

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Dietary inflammatory potential is an established risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events. In this study we analyzed the relation between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and cardiovascular risk factors, based on anthropometric, body composition, blood pressure, and heart rate parameters in children and adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 428 Spanish schoolchildren (mean age 12.32 ± 1.84), whose DII was calculated, based on a 24-hr diet recall over 3 days. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and body composition analyzed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood pressure and heart rate parameters were assessed with an automatic monitor. Pubertal stage was assessed based on Tanner criteria. We analyzed the DII both as a continuous variable and as a category variable based on quartiles. Linear regression analysis revealed that the DII was significantly associated with waist to height ratio (WHtR) (p = .026; B = 0.128, 95% CI [.001-.016]) after adjusting for age, sex, total energy intake, and Tanner stage. All macro- and micronutrient intakes were found to be higher in the DII Q1 (anti-inflammatory diet) except for caffeine. This study provides preliminary evidence of a significant association between the DII and WHtR, an index of cardiovascular risk. The results obtained indicate that the inflammatory potential of the diet may play a role in children and adolescents becoming overweight or developing obesity. Future studies in young people should be conducted to validate and further explore these relationships.

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Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of cardiovascular disease or mortality: A meta-analysis

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of anti‐inflammatory diet and smoking on mortality and survival in men and women: two prospective cohort studies

Influence of anti‐inflammatory diet and smoking on mortality and survival in men and women: two prospective cohort studies

Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials

Dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish children and adolescents

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