Inflammatory Infiltrate, Microvessel Density, Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, and Proliferative Activity in Peri‐Implant Soft Tissues Around Titanium and Zirconium Oxide Healing Caps

Abstract

In our specimens, the inflammatory infiltrate was mostly present in the titanium specimens. Their extension was much larger than that of the zirconium oxide specimens. Higher values of MVD were observed in the titanium specimens (29.1 versus 15.8). In addition, a higher expression of VEGF intensity was observed in the peri-implant tissues of titanium healing caps, whereas predominantly lower expressions of VEGF intensity were noted around the zirconium oxide healing caps. The Ki-67 expression was higher in the titanium specimens. All these data revealed that the tissues around titanium healing caps underwent a higher rate of inflammation-associated processes, most probably correlated to the higher inflammation processes observed in these tissues. A higher intensity expression of NOS1 and NOS3 was recorded in the tissues around titanium, whereas, on the contrary, a lower intensity of expression was found in the tissues around zirconium oxide specimens. These latter data indicate that the higher expression of these two mediators could be correlated to the higher amount of bacteria present around the titanium samples.

Comparative Analysis of Surface Topography of Custom CAD/CAM ZirconiaAbutments by means of Optical Profilometry

“…[4][5][6] Because of the biocompatibility and minor color change in the peri-implant mucosa, CAD/CAM abutments made of zirconia are used increasingly in the aesthetically important anterior region. 7,8 In addition to the different possibilities for connecting the implant and abutment, it is possible to use prefabricated stock-or individually milled CAD/CAM zirconia abutments, both of which today are available in one-and two-piece designs. [9][10][11] One-piece abutments, including the connection geometry, are milled entirely using the CAD/CAM process.…”

Serami̇k Abutmentleri̇n Mekani̇k, Bi̇yoloji̇k Ve Esteti̇k Açidan Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

“…40 Hosseni ve ark. 60 3 yıllık prospektif çalışma-larında, klinisyenler tarafından anterior bölgeye uygulanan döküm metal, titanyum ve zirkonya abutmentlerin estetik sonuçları, hem klinisyenler hem de hastalar tarafından subjektif olarak analiz edilmiştir.…”

Bending Moments and Failure of Titanium and Zirconia Abutments with Internal Connections: In Vitro Study

“…The esthetic outcome is not only related to the similarity of the color peri-implant mucosa between a natural tooth and a zirconia [5], but also with the easiness in manage the color outcome of all ceramic fixed prosthesis [6]. In addition, the biologic properties of zirconia are similar or even better than titanium [7], showing low in-vivo bacterial adhesion [8][9][10], less peri-implant inflammation [11] and even soft tissue integration [12,13].…”

“…The esthetic outcome is not only related to the similarity of the color peri-implant mucosa between a natural tooth and a zirconia [5], but also with the easiness in manage the color outcome of all ceramic fixed prosthesis [6]. In addition, the biologic properties of zirconia are similar or even better than titanium [7], showing low in-vivo bacterial adhesion [8-10], less peri-implant inflammation [11] and even soft tissue integration [12,13].Implants have different designs of implant abutment connection and the connection of the zirconia abutments to the implant can be carried out by means of the abutment itself or through a secondary metallic element. Several investigations have indicated that the fracture resistance of a ceramic abutment is dependent of the type of implant abutment connection and the presence of a secondary metallic element [14][15][16][17], However, in the current research there is a lack of studies regarding the difference on the fracture resistance of zirconia abutments with different combinations of secondary metallic elements, using an internal hexagon connection.…”