Inflammatory Cytokines in General and Central Obesity and Modulating Effects of Physical Activity

Schmidt, F.; Weschenfelder, Julia; Sander, Christian; Minkwitz, Juliane; Thormann, J.; Chittka, Tobias; Mergl, Roland; Kirkby, Kenneth C.; Faßhauer, Mathias; Stümvoll, Michael; Holdt, Lesca M.; Teupser, Daniel; Hegerl, Ulrich; Himmerich, Hubertus

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121971

Cited by 349 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Also associated is the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) that includes a number of risk factors that play important role in high morbidity. The obesity, mainly the visceral adipose tissue, is related to the CVD due to the release of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, resist in and inhibitor of plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1) leading to a low intensity inflammatory process and resulting in a local immune response and production of pro-inflammatory markers as C reactive protein (CRP) [7]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Hyperglycemia, C-Reactive Protein and Other Risk Factors in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk

Barbalho¹,

Toffano²,

Bechara³

et al. 2016

JDM

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Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is a syndrome characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia normally due to peripheral resistance to insulin and accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes cases worldwide and it is usually related to dyslipidemia, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity and increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare the metabolic and inflammatory profile of hyperglycemic with non-hyperglycemic subjects in a group of patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Our group of patients showed that 63.16% presented glycaemia above 99 mg/dL (from the hyperglycemic patients, 31 individuals were classified as glucose intolerant and 29 as diabetic). Significant differences were found for glycaemia, LDL-c (Low Density Lipoprotein), and hs-CRP (high sensitivity C reactive protein) levels. Nevertheless it is possible to observe that patients with higher glycaemia showed increased values of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL-c, Castelli Index I and II and estimative of LDL-c size particle and decreased HDL-c (High Density Lipoprotein) values. The comparison between hs-CRP levels and biochemical parameters shows significant differences for Body Mass Index, Triglycerides, HDL-c and the estimative of LDL-c particle. Also, the presence of Metabolic Syndrome is more prevalent in patients with high levels of hs-CRP. Diabetes patients have more significant increase in morbidity and mortality than the general population frequently due to further complications associated with the resistance to insulin. It is indispensable to outline the anthropometric and biochemical profile from hyperglycemic patients in order to work on secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Hyperglycemia, C-Reactive Protein and Other Risk Factors in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk

Barbalho¹,

Toffano²,

Bechara³

et al. 2016

JDM

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“…Third, it is important to remark that individuals with identical BMI may have different body compositions regarding fat and muscle, so we cannot exclude the contribution of adipose tissue or of other lymphoid or non-lymphoid cells to the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [6,26]. Excess weight may produce a pro-inflammatory effect when BMI is equal or over 25 [16,22]. Thus, although there is a statistically significant difference between BMI of healthy volunteers and patients in the normal-weight group (see Table 1), as BMI is under 25 in both subgroups, the difference observed should not assume any effect on the cytokines studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the inflammation induced by the overweight might be the spark that initiates the fire and the inflammation caused by psychosis would be the second hit [16,22,25]. The fact that the largest differences in the basal cytokine levels between patients and healthy volunteers were found in the overweight group might be explained by the additive proinflammatory effect of both excess weight and psychosis [4,22]. This is supported by the analyses comparing the basal serum cytokine levels between normal-weight and overweight individuals within the groups of healthy volunteers and patients; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytokines are hormone-like proteins that enable immune cells to communicate and play an integral role in the initiation, perpetuation, and subsequent downregulation of the immune response [28]. Several studies have found that overweight individuals (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25) have higher plasma levels of some proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β than normal-weight individuals [16,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of excess weight on circulating inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis individuals

Ruíz

Riesco-Dávila

Foz

et al. 2018

J Neuroinflammation

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Background: Low-grade inflammation has been repeatedly associated with both excess weight and psychosis. However, no previous studies have addressed the direct effect of body mass index (BMI) on basal serum cytokines in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of BMI on basal serum cytokine levels in FEP patients and control subjects, separating the total sample into two groups: normal-weight and overweight individuals. Methods: This is a prospective and open-label study. We selected 75 FEP patients and 75 healthy controls with similar characteristics to patients according to the following variables: sex, age, and cannabis and tobacco consumption. Both controls and patients were separated into two groups according to their BMI: subjects with a BMI under 25 were considered as normal weight and those with a BMI equal to or more than 25 were considered as overweight. Serum levels of 21 cytokines/chemokines were measured at baseline using the Human High Sensitivity T Cell Magnetic Bead Panel protocol from the Milliplex® Map Kit. We compared the basal serum levels of the 21 cytokines between control and patient groups according to their BMI. Results: In the normal-weight group, IL-8 was the only cytokine that was higher in patients than in the control group (p = 0.001), whereas in the overweight group, serum levels of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, p = 0.000; IL-1β, p = 0.003), two chemokines (IL-8, p = 0.001; MIP-1β, p = 0.001), four Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines (IL-13, p = 0.009; IL-2, p = 0.001; IL-7, p = 0.001; IL-12p70, p = 0.010), and one Type-3 cytokine (IL-23, p = 0.010) were higher in patients than in controls. Conclusions: Most differences in the basal serum cytokine levels between patients and healthy volunteers were found in the overweight group. These findings suggest that excess weight can alter the homeostasis of the immune system and therefore may have an additive pro-inflammatory effect on the one produced by psychosis in the central nervous system.

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“…o que favorece a instalação de um processo inflamatório de baixa intensidade. À instalação do processo inflamatório seguem-se alterações na resposta imune e na produção de espécies reativas, culminando com o estresse oxidativo [36][37][38].…”

Section: /7unclassified

Aspectos oxidativos da síndrome metabólica e aterosclerose

Barbalho¹,

Quesada²,

Goulart³

et al. 2015

Sci Med

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Este artigo está licenciado sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que a publicação original seja corretamente citada. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.pt_BR Aspectos oxidativos da síndrome metabólica e aterosclerose ABStRActAims: To review the literature on the current aspects of oxidative stress and its role in metabolic syndrome and in atherosclerosis. Methods:The study was performed in April and May 2015 and the following databases were used: PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, including articles published from 2011 onwards. The following keywords were used: oxidative stress and atherosclerosis or oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. Meta-analyses and clinical trials with a large sample size were preferred. Results: A total of 3,934 articles were available in the databases (PubMed 3,292; SciELO 588; and LILACS 54). Fifty-three articles were included in the review after eliminating double references and using the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Biochemical and anthropometric findings characteristic of the metabolic syndrome are related to inflammatory processes and to oxidative stress which, in turn, are closely related to atherosclerosis. A better understanding of how the conditions that underlie metabolic syndrome predispose to oxidative stress may significantly contribute to the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease in the future.KEY WORDS: metabolic syndrome x; oxidative stress; atherosclerosis.

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Inflammatory Cytokines in General and Central Obesity and Modulating Effects of Physical Activity

Cited by 349 publications

References 72 publications

Association between Hyperglycemia, C-Reactive Protein and Other Risk Factors in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk

Association between Hyperglycemia, C-Reactive Protein and Other Risk Factors in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk

The effect of excess weight on circulating inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis individuals

Aspectos oxidativos da síndrome metabólica e aterosclerose

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