Inflammatory Cytokines and Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis

Florindo, Margarida

doi:10.1155/2014/151572

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Physical exercise influences the quality of life and may stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines ( Florindo, 2014 ). Furthermore, physical exercise lowers plasma levels of leptin and reduces gene expression of leptin receptors in the liver ( Yasari et al., 2009 ), while increasing adiponectin levels and adiponectin receptors activity ( Lee and Kwak, 2014 ).…”

Section: Inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Facts in Multiple Sclerosis

2015

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The question whether dietary habits and lifestyle have influence on the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still a matter of debate, and at present, MS therapy is not associated with any information on diet and lifestyle. Here we show that dietary factors and lifestyle may exacerbate or ameliorate MS symptoms by modulating the inflammatory status of the disease both in relapsing-remitting MS and in primary-progressive MS. This is achieved by controlling both the metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the human cell and the composition of commensal gut microbiota. What increases inflammation are hypercaloric Western-style diets, characterized by high salt, animal fat, red meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, fried food, low fiber, and lack of physical exercise. The persistence of this type of diet upregulates the metabolism of human cells toward biosynthetic pathways including those of proinflammatory molecules and also leads to a dysbiotic gut microbiota, alteration of intestinal immunity, and low-grade systemic inflammation. Conversely, exercise and low-calorie diets based on the assumption of vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish, prebiotics, and probiotics act on nuclear receptors and enzymes that upregulate oxidative metabolism, downregulate the synthesis of proinflammatory molecules, and restore or maintain a healthy symbiotic gut microbiota. Now that we know the molecular mechanisms by which dietary factors and exercise affect the inflammatory status in MS, we can expect that a nutritional intervention with anti-inflammatory food and dietary supplements can alleviate possible side effects of immune-modulatory drugs and the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome and thus favor patient wellness.

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Section: Inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Facts in Multiple Sclerosis

2015

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“…Autoimmunity is a condition where the body's immune system destroys itself causing chronic systemic inflammation and subsequent tissue destruction. For example, in multiple sclerosis high levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-17 are present, whilst, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with remission periods of the disease [102]. In a combined (stretch, aerobic, resistance) exercise program in multiple sclerosis patients for 8 weeks, resulted in increased muscle strength and balance, and decrease in IL-17 and IFN-gamma levels [103].…”

Section: F Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Immunological Aspects of Exercise in Chronic Diseases

et al. 2014

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Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be independent risk factors for the occurrence of numerous diseases, including, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental health, all leading to substantial morbidity and/or premature death. It has been found that regular exercise, is associated with better quality of life and health outcomes, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Here, we review the effects regular exercise has on mental health and well-being, on the immune system and in cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and metabolic syndrome. Is exercise the new immunotherapy to treat diseases?

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“…This discrepancy may derive from the use of protocols of varying exercise intensity that can differentially affect the balance of T cells and pro‐ versus anti‐inflammatory cytokines in mice . Moreover, while moderate ET can ameliorate chronic neuroinflammation and its related pathologies and enhance antigen‐specific immune response, intense ET may impair immune function and lead to transient increases in susceptibility to infection . Thus, a major unanswered question is whether ET modulates autoimmunity selectively, or causes general effects (positive or negative) on the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Fainstein

Tyk

Touloumi

et al. 2019

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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Background Exercise training (ET) has beneficial effects on multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the intensity‐dependent effects of ET on the systemic immune system in EAE remain undefined. Objective (1) To compare the systemic immune modulatory effects of moderate versus high‐intensity ET protocols in protecting against development of EAE; (2) To investigate whether ET affects autoimmunity selectively, or causes general immunosuppression. Methods Healthy mice performed moderate or high‐intensity treadmill running programs. Proteolipid protein (PLP)‐induced transfer EAE was utilized to examine ET effects specifically on the systemic immune system. Lymph node (LN)‐T cells from trained versus sedentary donor mice were transferred to naïve recipients and EAE severity was assessed, by clinical assessment and histopathological analysis. LN‐T cells derived from donor trained versus sedentary PLP‐immunized mice were analyzed in vitro for proliferation assays by flow cytometry analysis and cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression using real‐time PCR. T cell‐dependent immune responses of trained versus sedentary mice to the nonautoantigen ovalbumin and susceptibility to Escherichia coli‐induced acute peritonitis were examined. Results High‐intensity training in healthy donor mice induced significantly greater inhibition than moderate‐intensity training on proliferation and generation of encephalitogenic T cells in response to PLP‐immunization, and on EAE severity upon their transfer into recipient mice. High‐intensity training also inhibited LN‐T cell proliferation in response to ovalbumin immunization. E. coli bacterial counts and dissemination were not affected by training. Interpretation High‐intensity training induces superior effects in preventing autoimmunity in EAE, but does not alter immune responses to E. coli infection.

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Inflammatory Cytokines and Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Nutrition Facts in Multiple Sclerosis

Nutrition Facts in Multiple Sclerosis

Physical and Immunological Aspects of Exercise in Chronic Diseases

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

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