Inflammatory and proapoptotic effects of inhaling gasoline fumes on the lung and ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds

Abstract

Impacts of inhaling gasoline fumes on the lungs of adult male rats and the alleviating role of fenugreek seeds were evaluated. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups, unexposed control and fenugreek groups, gasoline exposed groups for 6 h/6 day/week for 10 weeks with and without supplementation of fenugreek seed powder in food (5% w/w). Rats exposed to gasoline fumes showed significant elevation in lung tumor necrosis factor-α, as an inflammatory marker, and the proapoptotic marker Bax with a reduction in the antiapoptotic marker Bcl2. Moreover, remarkable elevations in transforming growth factor-β1, collagen and hydroxyproline were observed as fibrotic markers. Lung oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxides, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl) increased significantly along with marked decrease in total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels. Additionally, marked decreases in white and red blood cell counts, hemoglobin content, platelet count, accompanied by elevated red cell distribution width percentage were observed, supporting the inflammatory status. Histopathological changes represented by hematoxylin&eosin, immunohistochemistry staining for Bax&Bcl2, and transmission electron microscopy supported the negative impacts of gasoline fumes compared to the control group. Fenugreek seeds supplementation with gasoline exposure showed pronounced alleviation of lung biochemical and histopathological changes compared to the gasoline-exposed group.

CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENTIAL OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF A POLYHERBAL ( Phyllanthus amarus, Euphorbia hirta and Azadirachta indica) RECIPE AGAINST BENZO(a)PYRENE INDUCED LUNG CARCINOGENESIS IN ALBINO MICE

“…In contrast, the groups treated with the polyherbal recipe showed nearly normal tissue architecture, with only a few instances of mild congested vessels, slight peribronchiolar infiltration, mild inflammatory cell infiltration in intra-alveolar spaces, and focal hemorrhagic areas. Additionally, mild necrosis of alveolar ducts was observed, suggesting a decrease in inflammation 50,100,101 .…”

Protective Effects of Dietary Vitamin D3, Turmeric Powder and Their Combination Against Gasoline Intoxication in Rats

“…Still, little attention has been paid to this issue, and so far, only few publications have described the protective activity of some natural agents. Abdrabouh [9,10] has recently reported that rats exposed to gasoline fumes for 6 h daily, 6 days a week for 10 weeks, displayed marked pathological changes in the liver [9] and the lungs [10]. This was manifested by elevated levels of liver enzymes in the blood [9] and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in tissue homogenates [9,10].…”

“…Abdrabouh [9,10] has recently reported that rats exposed to gasoline fumes for 6 h daily, 6 days a week for 10 weeks, displayed marked pathological changes in the liver [9] and the lungs [10]. This was manifested by elevated levels of liver enzymes in the blood [9] and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in tissue homogenates [9,10]. These changes were alleviated by adding fenugreek seed powder (5%, w/w) to a standard diet [9,10].…”

“…To date, several studies have examined the protective actions of some natural agents in preventing or mitigating the harmful effects of GV in rat models in vivo. For instance, supplementing a standard rodent diet with fenugreek seed powder was shown to alleviate pathological changes in the liver and lung biochemical and histological parameters and suppress oxidative stress and inflammation in GV-exposed rats [9,10]. In a similar study, consuming green tea extract as drinking water or dietary curcumin, a major active component of turmeric (Curcuma Longa root powder), reduced DNA fragmentation in the spleen and liver of mice subjected to GV inhalation [11].…”

Alteración de la función pulmonar en vendedores informales de gasolina expuestos a sus vapores en Maicao, Colombia

“…Se encontró, que más del 87% de la población involucrada en esta actividad son de sexo masculino, predominantemente son adultos jóvenes (18-40 años), menos del 35% han alcanzado el bachillerato, solo la mitad tiene acceso a servicios de salud y, han estado expuestos constantemente por más de 5 años a estos materiales. Luego, es evidente, que de acuerdo con lo descrito en la literatura sobre el efecto deletéreo que eventualmente tendrán estos compuestos (14)(15)(16)(17) , no solo sobre la función pulmonar sino otros sistemas, aparecerán años después, cuando aumente la exposición acumulada, aparición de comorbilidades y se tengan barrera para acceder a servicios oportunos de salud, tanto en prevención primaria como secundaria. La gasolina es un destilado de petróleo que contiene una mezcla variable de al menos 150 -200 alcanos C4 -C12, cicloalcanos, alquenos, e hidrocarburos aromáticos obtenidos por "craqueo" de fracciones pesadas de petróleo crudo en el intervalo de ebullición 40 -225 ° C (104 -437 ° F) (8) .…”