Inflammation, insulin, and endothelial function in overweight children and adolescents: The role of exercise

Kelly, Aaron S.; Wetzsteon, Rachel J.; Kaiser, Daniel R.; Steinberger, Julia; Bank, Alan J.; Dengel, Donald R.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.08.004

Cited by 262 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…25 Interventional studies have failed to show significant changes in low-grade inflammation (fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and C-reactive protein) in overweight-obese children after the completion of a physical training program. 42,43 The finding that low-grade inflammation is negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat is consistent with those of other studies of young people. [12][13][14][15][16]20 Halle et al 14 reported that IL-6 levels were as low for obese and fit as for lean and unfit children, while the highest serum IL-6 concentrations were found in the obese and unfit group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine the associations of low-grade inflammation with objectively measured physical activity, cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness in prepubertal children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: One hundred and forty-two children (74 boys and 68 girls) aged 9-10 years (pubertal stage I and II) from the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study. Measurements: Total physical activity and its intensity levels (moderate, vigorous, moderate þ vigorous) were measured by accelerometry. CVF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. The measured low-grade inflammatory markers include C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement factors C3 and C4. Results: C-reactive protein and C3 were negatively associated with CVF (b ¼ À0.254 and À0.267, respectively, Po0.05) and positively associated with body fat (b ¼ 0.439 and 0.446, respectively, Po0.001), after controlling for sex, age and pubertal development. C-reactive protein and C3 were not significantly associated with CVF once body fat was in the model. Low-grade inflammation was not associated with physical activity, but physical activity was associated with CVF. Conclusions:The results showed that low-grade inflammatory markers were negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat in prepubertal children. For most of the variables, the influence of fatness was slightly higher than the influence of CVF. The findings suggest that the potential beneficial effects of physical activity on low-grade inflammation may be explained by its association with CVF. Understanding the interplay between physical activity, CVF and fatness may be of importance to reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young people.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

et al. 2007

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“…Disease-free young population studies have assessed the interaction between inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6 and TNFa), physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness (66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74) . Organised leisure time exercise (assessed by questionnaire) in children has shown negative correlations with serum IL-6 concentrations, independent of adiposity and fat localisation (68) , and in 10-year-old children, a borderline significant negative association was observed between CRP and self-reported physical activity, independent of ponderal index (66) .…”

Section: Middle-aged Younger Adults and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, exercise and low-grade systemic inflammation

et al. 2010

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Prospective studies have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of the most common chronic diseases and in particular CVD. Obesity has repeatedly been associated with moderately raised levels of inflammation, and this observation has led to the view that obesity is characterised by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. There is now great interest in elucidating how physical activity and exercise modulate inflammation. This review summarises the current research addressing the influence of physical activity and exercise in mitigating the risks of obesity and diseases such as type-II diabetes and CVD, through its action on the low-grade inflammatory state. Most research on this topic hypothesised that the association between physical activity and inflammatory markers is independent of fatness, but very few studies have proven this. Given that physical activity and obesity are often inversely related, it is not clear as to whether the anti-inflammatory health benefits of a physically active lifestyle are due to exercise per se or result from favourable changes in the body composition.

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“…These findings are supported by a recent study of overweight children (aged 10.9 years) randomised to either exercise training or no treatment. 74 Exercise training consisted of stationary cycling for four sessions per week over 8 weeks. The duration of the sessions was increased from 30 min per session at the start of the intervention, to 50 min per session by the end of the intervention period.…”

Section: Diet and Exercise Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%