Inflammation induced at different developmental stages affects differently the range of microglial reactivity and the course of seizures evoked in the adult rat

Kosonowska, Emilia; Janeczko, Krzysztof; Setkowicz, Zuzanna

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.063

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The obtained results are in accordance with our earlier hypothesis that LPS pretreatment ameliorates pilocarpine‐induced seizures and alleviates changes in microglial morphology (Kosonowska et al. ). Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the presented results of LPS action are not clear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This phenomenon can be associated with the ameliorating effect of LPS preconditioning on the course of seizures triggered in the adult brain, which we demonstrated earlier (Kosonowska et al. ). The studies also proved that the changes in astrocytic morphology after seizures alone, more resembled those observed after ischemia than those described after brain injury (Oberheim et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In free‐floating sections containing the hippocampal formation, astrocytes were immunostained using anti‐GFAP IgG (DAKO Z0334; 1 : 2000) combined with Vectastain Elite ABC kit PK 6200 (1 : 50) and diaminobenzidine (Kosonowska et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies on seizure susceptibility and accompanying microglial transformations in the same animal groups (Kosonowska et al. ) indicated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin of Gram‐negative bacteria, produced seizure amelioration lasting as long as 50 days and a significant reduction of morphological changes in microglia. The same behavioral results were observed – a lowered seizure threshold in the injured brain was described by Eslami et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammation in the developing rat modulates astroglial reactivity to seizures in the mature brain

2017

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Astrocytes participate in neuronal development and excitability, and produce factors enhancing or suppressing inflammatory processes occurring due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy. Seizures, in turn, trigger the release of inflammatory mediators, causing structural and functional changes in the brain. Therefore, it appears reasonable to determine whether generalized inflammation at developmental periods can affect astrocyte reactivity to epileptic seizures occurring in the adult brain. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected in 6- or 30-day-old rats (P6 or P30, respectively). At the age of 2 months, seizures were induced, and pilocarpine and morphological changes of astrocytes located within the hippocampal formation were assessed. Additionally, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamine synthetase (GS), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir 4.1 (Kir4.1) was determined using Western blots. The animal group given LPS on P6 displayed maximal susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures, significantly higher than the group that received LPS on P30. In the immunohistologically examined hippocampal formation, the GFAP-immunoreactive area was not affected by LPS alone. However, it was reduced following seizures in naïve controls but not in LPS-pretreated rats. Increases in the ramification of astrocytic processes were detected only in adult rats given LPS on P30, not on P6. Seizures abolished the effects. Following seizures, the process ramification showed no significant change in the two LPS-treated rat groups, whereas it was significantly reduced in the dentate gyrus of LPS-untreated controls. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression showed no changes induced with LPS alone and rose slightly after seizures. AQP4 content was lower in rats given LPS on P6 and was seizure-resistant in the two LPS-treated groups, contrary to a decrease in untreated controls. GS expression was not affected by LPS treatments and was reduced after seizures without an intergroup difference. Kir4.1 underwent highly significant increases in all groups experiencing seizures, but LPS alone had no effect. It can be concluded that the generalized inflammatory status led to some important changes in astrocytes reflected, in part at least by permanent modifications of their morphology and molecular profile. Moreover, the previously experienced inflammation prevented the cells from much stronger changes in response to seizures observed in adult untreated controls. The obtained results point to a link between the activation of astrocytes by transient systemic inflammation occurring during the developmental period and their subsequent reactivity to seizures, which may play an important role in the functional features of the brain, including its susceptibility to seizures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammation in the developing rat modulates astroglial reactivity to seizures in the mature brain

2017

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“…Moreover, taking into account the elemental data obtained for normal and seizure experiencing rats on ketogenic and standard diets it can be presumed that this effect results from KD2 diet preconditioning action on nerve tissue, protecting in turn the brain from seizure propagation and subsequent damages. A similar phenomenon was observed following ischemia [46] or seizures [47] both preceded by slight inflammation. Most likely, within the thirty days period of the dietary treatment, an internal rearrangement in the hippocampal formation occurred and resulted in the observed changes of its elemental content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Various ketogenic diets can differently support brain resistance against experimentally evoked seizures and seizure-induced elemental anomalies of hippocampal formation

Chwiej

Patulska

Skoczen

et al. 2017

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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Magnetic resonance imaging under isoflurane anesthesia alters cortical cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and glial cell morphology during sepsis‐associated neurological dysfunction in rats

Dhaya

Griton

Konsman

2021

Anim Models and Exp Med

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show abstract

Inflammation induced at different developmental stages affects differently the range of microglial reactivity and the course of seizures evoked in the adult rat

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Inflammation in the developing rat modulates astroglial reactivity to seizures in the mature brain

Inflammation in the developing rat modulates astroglial reactivity to seizures in the mature brain

Various ketogenic diets can differently support brain resistance against experimentally evoked seizures and seizure-induced elemental anomalies of hippocampal formation

Magnetic resonance imaging under isoflurane anesthesia alters cortical cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and glial cell morphology during sepsis‐associated neurological dysfunction in rats

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