Inflammation and Temporomandibular Joint Derangement

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a common stomatognathic disease affecting all age groups. Patients with internal derangement (ID) or osteoarthritis (OA) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) often have TMJ synovitis. When TMJ synovial membrane is damaged, many inflammatory cytokines are produced and secreted from TMJ synoviocytes to synovial fluid of TMJ. It has been widely reported that many kinds of biologic factors are produced from TMJ synoviocytes stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. One of the major symptoms of TMD is pain of the TMJ. Many study groups have studied relations between the development of TMJ pain and biologic factors secreted into synovial fluid of TMJ. Here, we summarize previous reports trying to elucidate this correlation. On the other hand, it has been reported that a new molecular mechanism of IL-1beta secretion called inflammasome is involved in several diseases with sterile inflammation. Because TMJ synovitis with ID and OA of TMJ is also sterile inflammation, inflammasome may be involved in the development of TMJ synovial inflammation. This review describes some molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation in TMJ, especially in TMJ synovitis, which may be useful for the development of new therapies against TMD.

The effect of natural products in animal models of temporomandibular disorders

“…This inflammatory process is responsible for the pain and other signs and symptoms associated with disorders. 31 , 32 In agreement with these findings, most studies identified in this review used phlogistic agents to induce inflammation in the synovial membrane, but different purposes can be identified since many studies only evaluated nociception, although others assessed the inflammatory process by using protocols involving zymosan or CFA lasting from induction for measuring neuronal or glial markers. Finally, NGF injection caused mechanical nociception in 3 days.…”

Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 regulates the secretion of interleukin‐1β in the temporomandibular joint of rats with synovial inflammation

“…Temporomandibular synovitis occurs due to the TMJ being subjected to excessive force induced by occlusal interferences. 1 The evidence reveals that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is closely related to various types of joint diseases. [16][17][18][19] In recent studies, some researchers 16,17 It has been demonstrated that in the synovial and articular cartilages, the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signal pathway can regulate the expression of various inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF -α, and MMPs, which are involved in joint pathology.…”

“…The inflammatory changes in the TMJ synovial lining of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), such as internal derangement (ID) or osteoarthritis (OA), are investigated by conducting arthroscopical or histopathological analyses. 1 Additionally, mounting evidence suggests that the resulting proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), play important roles in the pathogenesis of synovitis and OA as they affect the articular cartilage. 2,3 Therefore, the timely prevention and reduction of the release of the corresponding inflammatory factors are of great significance.…”

Stimulating Factors and Origins of Precursor Cells in Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification Around the Temporomandibular Joint in Mice

“…Many kinds of tissue cells in the TMJ, such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and synoviocytes, have complicated feedback mechanisms when the surrounding microenvironment changes (Ibi, 2019). Trauma is a serious condition that can decrease the partial pressure of oxygen, increase the regional blood volume, and even induce inflammation (Bae and Aronovich, 2018;Gugala et al, 2018).…”