Inflammasomes and dermatology

Abstract

Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that comprise part of the innate immune response. Since their definition, inflammasome disorders have been linked to an increasing number of diseases. Autoinflammatory diseases refer to disorders in which local factors lead to the activation of innate immune cells, causing tissue damage when in the absence of autoantigens and autoantibodies. Skin symptoms include the main features of monogenic inflammasomopathies, such as Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), Schnitzler Syndrome, Hyper-IgD Syndrome (HIDS), PAPA Syndrome, and Deficiency of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA). Concepts from other pathologies have also been reviewed in recent years, such as psoriasis, after the recognition of a combined contribution of innate and adaptive immunity in its pathogenesis. Inflammasomes are also involved in the response to various infections, malignancies, such as melanoma, autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo and lupus erythematosus, atopic and contact dermatitis, acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, among others. Inhibition of the inflammasome pathway may be a target for future therapies, as already occurs in the handling of CAPS, through the introduction of IL-1 inhibitors. This study presents a literature review focusing on the participation of inflammasomes in skin diseases.

<p>In vitro expression of NLRP inflammasome-induced active Caspase-1 expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) by various exogenous threats and subsequent inhibition by naturally derived ingredient blends</p>

“…10 The NLRPs activate the process of inflammation through recognition of the external threats and creation of cellular protein structures called Inflammasomes. 11,12 Inflammasomes are the gatekeepers for the processes of inflammation. 13 The NLRP inflammasomes: inflammation's gatekeepers…”

Vitiligo. Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society

“…Chemically-induced cellular stress also intensifies the synthesis of the receptor NLRP3 participating in the activation of the inflammasome or directly the cytokine IL-1β. Overexpression of the gene encoding the receptor NLRP1 (Langerhans cells) leads to the activation of inflammasome and induces the conversion of pro-IL-1β into active IL-1β, which is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of vitiligo [12].…”

“…Indukowany chemicznie stres komórkowy nasila również syntezę receptora NLRP3 biorącego udział w aktywacji inflammasomu lub bezpośrednio cytokiny IL-1β. Stwierdzona nadekspresja genu kodującego receptor NLRP1 (komórki Langerhansa) prowadzi do aktywacji inflammasomu i indukcji przejścia pro-IL-1β w aktywną IL-1β, która bierze udział w patogenezie i progresji bielactwa nabytego [12].…”

Preguntas comunes en alergias. Enfoque práctico para el diagnóstico y manejo en atención primaria

“…Ocurre por la formación de inmunocomplejos. 14 Cuando existe un exceso de antígenos o anticuerpos, sucede la formación de pequeños complejos inmunes incapaces de fi jar complemento y, por lo tanto, no son retirados de la circulación. Este mecanismo se ha propuesto como posible causa de la urticaria crónica espontánea, al menos en un grupo de pacientes y también se ha asociado en fenotipos de asma crónica.…”