Infection with Hepatitis GB Virus C in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Masuko, Kazuo; Mitsui, Takehiro; Iwano, Keiko; Yamazaki, Chikao; Okuda, Kenji; Meguro, T; Murayama, Naoki; Inoue, Taisuke; Tsuda, Fumio; Okamoto, Hiroaki; Miyakawa, Yuzo; Matsui, Makoto

doi:10.1056/nejm199606063342301

Cited by 435 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…From the 1 Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie; 2 Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik; and Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 3 Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Dynamics of GB Virus C viremia early after orthotopic liver transplantation indicates extrahepatic tissues as the predominant site of GB virus C replication

et al. 1999

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The principal site of GB virus C (GBV-C) replication is unknown. To determine whether hepatic GBV-C replication is important for the maintenance of a measurable viremia level in GBV-C infection, the influence of hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation on GBV-C viremia was investigated. GBV-C RNA levels were determined by a quantitative TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 12 patients with pretransplantation GBV-C infection before and daily after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for 25 to 28 days. Compared with the pretransplantation values (mean, 12.4 ؎ 3.9 ؋ 10 7 copies/mL), mean GBV-C RNA levels declined significantly by 1 log by day 1 after OLT (mean, 3.5 ؎ 1.6 ؋ 10 7 copies/mL), but subsequently remained relatively stable on this high level for the entire observation period, indicating ongoing high-level virus replication (mean GBV-C RNA levels on days 7 and 28 were: 1.7 ؎ 0.5 ؋ 10 7 and 2.8 ؎ 0.7 ؋ 10 7 copies/mL; P ‫؍‬ ns). Thus, at the end of the follow-up, mean GBV-C RNA levels were not significantly different from that of the 1st and 7th postoperative day and remained significantly lower compared with the pretransplantation values. However, in 2 of the 12 patients, different kinetics were observed. Both already had low-level viremia pre-OLT (0.02 and 0.002 ؋ 10 7 copies/mL) and became persistently GBV-C RNAnegative 2 days after OLT. In 5 patients, liver tissues were collected 6 to 9 days after OLT and investigated for GBV-C RNA. All but 1 were GBV-C RNA-negative in the liver, although 2 of them had rather high serum GBV-C RNA levels at this time. The kinetics of GBV-C viremia observed in our study were neither influenced by the immunosuppressive therapy nor by the number of blood and blood product transfusions given after OLT. In addition, they were quite different from those observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C in whom early reinfection of the graft could be demonstrated by a steady increase in HCV RNA levels starting 3 days after OLT and exceeding preoperative levels by day 8. From our data, one can conclude that the liver is certainly not the major site of GBV-C replication in most patients. However, one cannot exclude that host or viral factors exist that predispose GBV-C replication predominantly in the liver. (HEPATOLOGY 1999;29:245-249.)While the epidemiology and clinical aspects of the GB virus C (GBV-C) and hepatitis G virus infection have been extensively studied, little is known about the site of infection, and the hepatotropism of GBV-C/hepatitis G virus has also been questioned.

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Dynamics of GB Virus C viremia early after orthotopic liver transplantation indicates extrahepatic tissues as the predominant site of GB virus C replication

et al. 1999

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“…HBsAg, 23.6 (11.8-46.0) for HCV RNA, and 5.0 (2.9-8. 6) for heavy alcohol drinking. Based on the RR estimates and Anti-E2 seropositivity did not vary according to age, although it was found in a higher proportion of female than male prevalences found among HCC cases, the population-attributable risks were 21.8% for HBsAg positivity, 36.3% for HCV subjects in both cases (women, 34.6%; men, 17.1%; P Å .04) and controls (28.6% and 14.4%, respectively; P ú .1).…”

Section: Aid Hepa 0035mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 On the other hand, HGV prevalence among controls partments of Ophthalmology, Dermatology, Urology, Cardiis in agreement with the 1%-2% value reported among healthy ology, and Internal Medicine at the ''Spedali Civili'' and ''S.Orsubjects and blood donors around the world. 1,4,6,[22][23][24] sola'' Hospitals in Brescia for their help in recruiting the The lower HGV RNA prevalence among HCC cases found controls. The cooperation of the ''Center for the Study of in this study than in others is probably attributable to the Surgical Liver Diseases'' of the University of Brescia, funded different study design.…”

Section: Aid Hepa 0035mentioning

confidence: 99%

A case-control study on GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.

et al. 1997

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A new hepatitis-associated RNA virus of the Flaviviridae products, intravenous drug use, hemodialysis, and maybe sexual contacts and from mothers to infants. 4-11 HGV RNA family has been identified and named GB virus C/ hepatitis G virus (HGV). We carried out a case-control study to evaluate has been found in patients with acute or chronic hepatic diseases and in subjects without liver diseases by use of RTthe association of HGV infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recruited 170 patients hospitalized for HCC PCR. 1,2 A test was developed recently to detect the presence of antibodies against HGV envelope 2 protein in human sera, (143 male and 27 female, mean age 64 years) and 306 patients hospitalized for nonliver diseases (controls) in Brescia, Italy. the HGV E2 antigen (anti-E2). 12-14 Anti-E2 has been associated with loss of detectable HGV viremia, and therefore it is HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies against HGV E2 pro-considered a marker for recovery from infection. Data on its seroprevalence suggest that the number of people infected tein (anti-E2) by an immunoassay test. HGV RNA was found in 8 cases (4.7%) and 4 controls (1.3%). The relative risk by the virus is higher than was estimated on the basis of HGV RNA seroprevalence. (RR) for HGV RNA positivity adjusted for demographic variables and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis CIn spite of the large number of studies carried out on HGV so far, it is still unknown whether the virus can determine virus (HCV) RNA, and alcohol was 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-30.6; P Å .009). No HGV RNA-positive subject was liver disease in humans. 15 In fact, most information on HGV prevalence comes from case series, in which selection bias also positive for anti-E2. Anti-E2 prevalence did not differ significantly between cases (20%) and controls (15.3%), and cannot be excluded, thus making comparisons difficult. The case-control study design has been suggested to investigate no RR increase was found by this marker. Among subjects with HGV exposure (HGV RNA plus anti-E2 positive), a whether HGV is associated with liver disease. 5 To assess the association of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with HGV greater proportion of cases (40%) than controls (14%) had transfusion history. The possible role of HGV in HCC etiology infection, we carried out a hospital-based case-control study in the province of Brescia, an area in northern Italy with one seems modest because the population-attributable risk is lower (4%) than those for HBsAg (22%), HCV RNA (36%), of the highest incidence rates of HCC in Europe. 16 and heavy alcohol intake (52%). This study supports the hy- PATIENTS AND METHODS pothesis of an association between HGV infection and HCC,This study is part of a large case-control study carried out to although at present there are insufficient data on the causality A new hepatitis-associated RNA virus of the Flaviviridae (HCV) and its genotypes, and alcohol drinking have been reported family...

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“…Fax: +81-52-852-0849. E-mail : mizokami@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp venous drug users [3,4]. Comparison of the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences showed good homology between these viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three different GB virus C/hepatitis G virus genotypes

et al. 1997

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The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) sequences of 33 GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) obtained from different geographic areas were determined through reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction and dideoxy chain termination sequencing, the alignment of sequences, the estimation of the number of nucleotide substitution per site, and construction of phylogenetic trees. The 5'-UTR of GBV-HGV was found to be heterogeneous, with 70.9-99.5% homology. Three distinct phylogenetic branches were observed consistently in all phylogenetic trees. GBV-C is the prototype for one, HGV for another, and there is a new branch which consisted of GBV-C/HGV isolates from Asia. Genotype-specific restriction sites for the restriction enzymes, ScrFI and BsmFI, were identified, and a simple restriction fragment polymorphism analysis was developed for genotyping. These data provide evidence that GBV-C/HGV consists of three different genotypes. Our simple genotyping assay will also provide a tool for epidemiological studies of GBV-C/HGV infection. © 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

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Infection with Hepatitis GB Virus C in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Abstract: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis are at increased risk for HGBV-C infection. This virus produces persistent infections, which may be transmitted by transfusions but may also be transmitted by other means.

Cited by 435 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamics of GB Virus C viremia early after orthotopic liver transplantation indicates extrahepatic tissues as the predominant site of GB virus C replication

Dynamics of GB Virus C viremia early after orthotopic liver transplantation indicates extrahepatic tissues as the predominant site of GB virus C replication

A case-control study on GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Three different GB virus C/hepatitis G virus genotypes

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