Infection with Blastocystis spp. and its association with enteric infections and environmental enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling malnourished adults in Bangladesh

Fahim, Shah Mohammad; Gazi, Amran; Hasan, Mehedi; Алам, Ашрафул; Das, Subhasish; Mahfuz, Mustafa; Rahman, Mohammed M.; Haque, Rashidul; Sarker, Shafiqul Alam; Ahmed, Tahmeed

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009684

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Reg1B was also found to be significantly higher in EAEC infected participants than the children who were negative for EAEC. Prior evidence revealed association of Reg1B with enteric infections in Bangladeshi children ( Fahim et al., 2021 ). Reg1B proteins play a crucial role in cell differentiation and proliferation in the gastrointestinal system ( Peterson et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection With Escherichia Coli Pathotypes Is Associated With Biomarkers of Gut Enteropathy and Nutritional Status Among Malnourished Children in Bangladesh

Gazi

Alam

Fahim

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathotypes are the most common cause of diarrhea, especially in developing countries. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) is presumed to be the result of infection with one or more pathotypes and can affect intestinal health and childhood growth. We sought to investigate the association of E. coli pathotypes infection with biomarkers of EED and nutritional status among slum-dwelling malnourished children in Bangladesh. This study comprised a total of 1050 stunted and at risk of stunting children. TaqMan Array Card assays were used to determine the presence of E. coli pathotypes in feces. Prevalence of infection with EAEC was highest (68.8%) in this cohort of children, followed by EPEC (55.9%), ETEC (44%), Shigella/EIEC (19.4%) and STEC (3.2%). The levels of myeloperoxidase and calprotectin were significantly higher in EAEC (P=0.02 and P=0.04), EPEC (P=0.02 and P=0.03) and Shigella/EIEC (P=0.05 and P=0.02) positive participants while, only calprotectin was significantly higher in ETEC (P=0.01) positive participants. Reg1B was significantly higher in participants with EAEC (P=0.004) while, neopterin levels were significantly lower in ETEC (P=0.003) and Shigella/EIEC (P=0.003) positive cases. A significant positive relationship was observed between EAEC and fecal levels of Reg1B (β = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.12, 0.43; p-value<0.001). Besides, ETEC was found to be positively and significantly associated with the levels of calprotectin (β = 0.14; 95 percent CI = 0.01, 0.26; p-value=0.037) and negatively with neopterin (β = -0.16; 95% CI = -0.30, -0.02; p-value=0.021). On the other hand, infection with EPEC was found to be negatively associated with length-for-age (β = -0.12; 95% CI = -0.22, -0.03; p-value=0.011) and weight-for-age (β = -0.11; 95% CI = -0.22, -0.01; p-value=0.037). The study findings suggest that infection with certain E. coli pathotypes (EAEC and ETEC) influences gut health and EPEC is associated with linear growth and underweight in Bangladeshi children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection With Escherichia Coli Pathotypes Is Associated With Biomarkers of Gut Enteropathy and Nutritional Status Among Malnourished Children in Bangladesh

Gazi

Alam

Fahim

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The qPCR reaction consisted of pre-denaturation at 95 • C for 3 min and 35 cycles for 45 s of denaturation at 95 • C, 45 s of annealing at 65 • C, and 1 min of extension at 72 • C. For normalization, genomic DNA (Blastocystis-positive DNA) from an in vitro culture of Blastocystis strain (ST1) was used to establish a standard curve line for DNA concentration of Blastocystis according to the method in the literature [18]. A Ct value < 35 was considered positive [19]…”

Section: Dna Samples For Quantitative Real-time Pcr Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcosis Is Associated with the Increased Prevalence of Intestinal Blastocystis Infection in Tibetans and Host Susceptibility to the Blastocystis in Mice

Zou

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Biology

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Blastocystis is a common human intestinal protozoan parasite. Little is known about its prevalence in echinococcosis. This study tested whether Echinococcus multilocularis infection would increase host susceptibility to Blastocystis. A total of 114 fecal samples (68 hydatid disease patients and 46 healthy people) were collected from Tibetans in the Qinghai province in China. The presence of Blastocystis was identified by sequencing of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Balb/c mice were co-infected with Blastocystis and E. multilocularis and tested for host susceptibility to Blastocystis. The overall Blastocystis prevalence was 12.3%; 16.2% in the patients and 4.4% in healthy people (p < 0.05). Sequence analysis identified three known Blastocystis genotypes, including ST1, ST2, and ST3, and one unknown genotype. Experimental dual infection significantly reduced mouse survival rate (20%), induced more severe signs, and increased intestinal damages with a higher intestinal colonization level of Blastocystis. The mouse model showed that E. multilocularis infection increases host susceptibility to Blastocystis. Our study shows a significantly higher prevalence of Blastocystis in patients with liver echinococcosis and reveals that non-intestinal E. multilocularis infection increases host susceptibility to the Blastocystis. Our results highlight that E. multilocularis infection is associated with Blastocystis. These findings remind us that more attention should be paid to the gut health of the patients with a helminth infection during clinical patient care.

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“…But the relation between Blastocystis spp. and EED remains inconclusive [40] . It is unknown whether the presence of this parasite is an association due to decreased immunity or if it causes harm through EED.…”

Section: Environmental Enteric Dysfunction 1 Role Of Enteric Parasiti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, EED is believed to occur as a result of repeated exposure to fecal pathogens like Blastocystis spp. [40] .…”

Section: Environmental Enteric Dysfunction 1 Role Of Enteric Parasiti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric parasitic infections: From environmental enteric dysfunction to gut microbiota and childhood malnutrition

Abou-Seri

Abdalgaber

Zahran

2022

Parasitologists United Journal

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Malnutrition accounts for high morbidity and mortality in children. Specifically, linear growth failure (stunting) has long-term consequences. It affects approximately 25% of children under the age of five worldwide and has been linked to increased mortality, cognitive dysfunction, and productivity loss. Understanding that a significant proportion of stunting is not caused solely by lack of nutrition, diarrhea, and repeated exposure to intestinal infections implies that other factors must be analyzed to clarify continued growth faltering. Enteric parasitic infections are prevalent in many tropical environments and are linked to poor nutritional status and growth stunting. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an undefined syndrome characterized by inflammation, decreased absorptive capacity, and impaired barrier function in the small intestine. The dysfunction has been allied to malnutrition, as well as oral vaccine failure causing delayed development in children from poor resource settings. This syndrome might be triggered by unhygienic environmental conditions that cause frequent exposure to fecal pathogens and decreased nutrient absorption. Additionally, childhood malnutrition was strongly linked to changes in the gut microbiome. Motivation for the present review was the relatively obscure cumulative effect of repeated enteric parasitosis on nutritional status of children in developing countries from various perspectives. Accordingly, intestinal parasites infections, EED, and microbiota alteration are all likely issues that must be concurrently addressed. Addressing all these conditions would resolve the grave public health issues of malnutrition and infection susceptibility, and consequently, lead to application of behavioral and therapeutic policies among vulnerable pediatric populations. Enteric parasitosis and child malnutritionAbou-Seri et al.,

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Infection with Blastocystis spp. and its association with enteric infections and environmental enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling malnourished adults in Bangladesh

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Infection With Escherichia Coli Pathotypes Is Associated With Biomarkers of Gut Enteropathy and Nutritional Status Among Malnourished Children in Bangladesh

Infection With Escherichia Coli Pathotypes Is Associated With Biomarkers of Gut Enteropathy and Nutritional Status Among Malnourished Children in Bangladesh

Echinococcosis Is Associated with the Increased Prevalence of Intestinal Blastocystis Infection in Tibetans and Host Susceptibility to the Blastocystis in Mice

Enteric parasitic infections: From environmental enteric dysfunction to gut microbiota and childhood malnutrition

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