Infection routes, invasion mechanisms, and drug inhibition pathways of human coronaviruses on the nervous system

Sha, Ailong; Chen, Hongrun

doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1169740

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Long COVID symptoms can persist for several weeks or even months after the initial infection, and their severity can vary considerably between individuals [ 23 ]. Long COVID symptoms are thought to be caused by an excessive immune reaction, in which the body’s tissues are attacked even after the virus has been eradicated [ 44 ]. Additionally, the virus may remain in some individuals, leading to ongoing symptoms [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with long COVID and mental health status among recovered COVID-19 patients in southern Thailand

Phu,

Maneerattanasak,

Shohaimi

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Mental health disorders have become a growing public health concern among individuals recovering from COVID-19. Long COVID, a condition where symptoms persist for an extended period, can predict psychological problems among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of long COVID and mental health status among Thai adults who had recovered from COVID-19, identify the association between the mental health status and long COVID symptoms, and investigate the risk factors associated with the correlation between long COVID and mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 939 randomly selected participants in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to investigate mental health symptoms, and a checklist comprised of thirteen common symptoms was used to identify the long COVID among participants. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the risk factors associated with mental health status and long COVID symptoms among participants. Among the 939 participants, 104 (11.1%) had depression, 179 (19.1%) had anxiety, and 42 (4.8%) were stressed. A total of 745 participants (79.3%) reported experiencing at least one symptom of long COVID, with fatigue (72.9%, SE±0.02), cough (66.0%, SE±0.02), and muscle pain (54.1%, SE±0.02) being the most frequently reported symptoms. All long COVID symptoms were significantly associated with mental health status. Shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest tightness were the highest risk factors for mental health status among COVID-19 patients. The final multivariable model indicated that female patients (OR = 1.89), medical history (OR = 1.92), and monthly income lower than 5,000 Thai baht (OR = 2.09) were associated with developing long COVID symptoms and mental health status (all p<0.01). This study provides valuable insights into the potential long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health and enhances understanding of the mechanisms underlying the condition for predicting the occurrence of mental health issues in Thai COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with long COVID and mental health status among recovered COVID-19 patients in southern Thailand

Phu,

Maneerattanasak,

Shohaimi

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…The systemic RAS balance was also investigated in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that appeared for the first time in 2002, causing potentially fatal lung injury and ARDS [ 25 ]. Interestingly, mACE2 (membrane ACE2) was identified as the virus receptor on many different types of host cells [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], mediating viral entry through the binding of the spike (S) protein of the viral envelope [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The same mechanism was also described for the human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) discovered in the Netherlands in 2004 [ 31 ], even though it binds less efficiently to ACE2 [ 30 ].…”

Section: The Ras and Viral Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic

Prato,

Tiberti,

Mazzi

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The RAS is a hormonal system playing a pivotal role in the control of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis, the alteration of which is associated with different pathologies, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As such, it is not surprising that a number of studies have attempted to elucidate the role and balance of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in COVID-19. In this review article, we will describe the evidence collected regarding the two main enzymes of the RAS (i.e., ACE and ACE2) and their principal molecular products (i.e., AngII and Ang1-7) in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the overarching goal of drawing conclusions on their possible role as clinical markers in association with disease severity, progression, and outcome. Moreover, we will bring into the picture new experimental data regarding the systemic activity of ACE and ACE2 as well as the concentration of AngII and Ang1-7 in a cohort of 47 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital (Negrar, Italy) between March and April 2020. Finally, we will discuss the possibility of considering this systemic pathway as a clinical marker for COVID-19.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurological Implications of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Cheyne,

Gopinath,

Muppa

et al. 2024

Cureus

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 revealed a huge number of problems as well as discoveries in medicine, notably, regarding the effects of the virus on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). This paper is a narrative review that takes a deep dive into the complex interactions between COVID-19 and the NS. Therefore, this paper explains the broad range of neurological manifestations and neurodegenerative diseases caused by the virus. It carefully considers the routes through which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the NS, including the olfactory system and of course, the hematogenous route, which are also covered when discussing the virus's direct and indirect mechanisms of neuropathogenesis. Besides neurological pathologies such as stroke, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, the focus area is also given to the challenges of making diagnosis, treatment, and management of these conditions during the pandemic. The review also examines the strategic and interventional approaches utilized to prevent these disorders, as well as the ACE2 receptors implicated in the mediation of neurological effects caused by COVID-19. This detailed overview, which combines research outputs with case data, is directed at tackling this pandemic challenge, with a view toward better patient care and outcomes in the future.

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Infection routes, invasion mechanisms, and drug inhibition pathways of human coronaviruses on the nervous system

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with long COVID and mental health status among recovered COVID-19 patients in southern Thailand

Prevalence and factors associated with long COVID and mental health status among recovered COVID-19 patients in southern Thailand

The Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic

The Neurological Implications of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

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