Infection Prevalences of Common Tick-borne Pathogens in Adult Lone Star Ticks (Amblyomma americanum) and American Dog Ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) in Kentucky

Fritzen, Charissa M.; Huang, Junjun; Westby, Kathleen; Freye, James D.; Dunlap, Brett G.; Yabsley, Michael J.; Schardein, Mike; Dunn, John R.; Jones, Timothy F.; Moncayo, Abelardo C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0583

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…R. parkeri is distributed throughout multiple tissues of infected A. maculatum ticks, including the salivary glands, the midgut, the Malpighian tubules, and the ovaries (102). R. parkeri is detected infrequently in A. americanum (103) and D. variabilis (79,104). Infections of dogs and cows caused by R. parkeri have been reported in the southeastern United States (105,106).…”

Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contemporary molecular surveys for R. rickettsii in North American Dermacentor ticks reveal extremely low frequencies of occurrence of these bacteria in ticks, characteristically Ͻ0.5% (76)(77)(78)(79)(80). However, unusually large numbers of R. rickettsii-infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks are a hallmark of several hyperendemic foci of RMSF in the United States and Mexico (54,56,(81)(82)(83), suggesting that Rhipicephalus sanguineus may be a more important vector of RMSF in North and Central America than previously recognized.…”

Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2008, the first human infection with "Rickettsia 364D" was confirmed in a patient from northern California. Rickettsia 364D, an as-yet-unclassified SFG rickettsia initially described in 1975 from an isolate obtained from Dermacentor occidentalis ticks collected in southern California, has been detected in approximately 8% of the questing D. occidentalis ticks throughout California (76)(77)(78)(79)(80). Because R. rickettsii is rarely identified in human-biting ticks in this state, it has been suggested that Rickettsia 364D, provisionally named "Rickettsia philipii" (94), is responsible for many of the illnesses in this region that resemble and are misdiagnosed as RMSF.…”

Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia . These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.

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Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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“…Numerous tick surveys, including those conducted in Tennessee, have shown the absence of R. rickettsii but the presence of other SFG Rickettsia such as Rickettsia amblyommii, Rickettsia Parkeri, and Rickettsia montanensis. [5][6][7][8][9][10] The contradicting reports of increasing incidence of SFG rickettsiosis (including RMSF) and the rarity of R. rickettsii in ticks raise the likelihood that other SFG rickettsiae species are contributing to this increase in incidence. Previous studies have demonstrated evidence for infection with other less pathogenic SFG rickettsiae species that clinically resemble RMSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Human Infections by Multiple Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Tennessee

Delisle¹,

Mendell²,

Stull-Lane³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most common tick-borne disease in Tennessee. However, Rickettsia rickettsii has rarely been isolated from endemic ticks, suggesting rickettsioses may be caused by other species. A total of 56 human serum samples that were serologically positive for exposure to Rickettsia were obtained from commercial laboratories in 2010 and 2011. In addition, 20 paired sera from patients with encephalitis and positive Rickettsia serology were obtained from the Tennessee Unexplained Encephalitis Surveillance (TUES) study. Using an immunofluorescence assay, reactivity of the sera to R. rickettsii, Rickettsia montanensis, Rickettsia parkeri, and Rickettsia amblyommii was tested, and a comparison of endpoint titers was used to determine the probable antigen that stimulated the antibody response. Cross-absorption was conducted for 94.8% (N = 91) of the samples due to serologic cross-reactivity. Of the commercial laboratory samples, 55.4% (N = 31) had specific reactivity to R. amblyommii and 44.6% (N = 25) were indeterminate. Of the paired TUES samples, 20% (N = 4) had specific reactivity to R. amblyommii, 5% (N = 1) to R. montanensis, and 5% (N = 1) to R. parkeri. Patients with specific reactivity to R. amblyommii experienced fever (75%), headache (68%) and myalgia (58%). Rash (36%) and thrombocytopenia (40%) were less common. To our knowledge, this is the first time R. amblyommii has been reported as a possible causative agent of rickettsioses in Tennessee.

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“…17,20,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Because of these large differences in prevalence, exposure to R. rickettsii may be rare relative to exposure to "Ca. Rickettsia amblyommii".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Range of Amblyomma americanum and Simultaneous Changes in the Epidemiology of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis in the United States

Dahlgren¹,

Paddock²,

Springer³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

107

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Abstract. Spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia species are etiologic agents of a wide range of human infections from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe, life-threatening disease. In the United States, recent passive surveillance for SFG rickettsiosis shows an increased incidence and decreased severity of reported cases. The reasons for this are not well understood; however, we hypothesize that less pathogenic rickettsiae are causing more human infections, while the incidence of disease caused by more pathogenic rickettsiae, particularly Rickettsia rickettsii, is relatively stable. During the same period, the range of Amblyomma americanum has expanded. Amblyomma americanum is frequently infected with "Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii", a SFG Rickettsia of unknown pathogenicity. We tested our hypothesis by modeling incidence rates from 1993 to 2013, hospitalization rates from 1981 to 2013, and case fatality rates from 1981 to 2013 regressed against the presence of A. americanum, the decade of onset of symptoms, and the county of residence. Our results support the hypothesis, and we show that the expanding range of A. americanum is associated with changes in epidemiology reported through passive surveillance. We believe epidemiological and acarological data collected on individual cases from enhanced surveillance may further elucidate the reasons for the changing epidemiology of SFG rickettsiosis.

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Infection Prevalences of Common Tick-borne Pathogens in Adult Lone Star Ticks (Amblyomma americanum) and American Dog Ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) in Kentucky

Cited by 52 publications

References 56 publications

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

Human Infections by Multiple Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Tennessee

Expanding Range of Amblyomma americanum and Simultaneous Changes in the Epidemiology of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis in the United States

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