Infection dynamics of Kudoa yasunagai (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) infecting brain of cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan

Shirakashi, Sho; Morita, Akinobu; Ishimaru, Kaori; Miyashita, Shigeru

doi:10.3354/dao02513

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In general, marine myxosporeans have a wide host range. For instance, Kudoa yasunagai 12,13 can infect Lateolabrax japonicus , Oplegnathus fasciatus , Seriola quinqueradiata , Takifugu rubripes , Thunnus orientalis and Plotosus lineatus , forming numerous cysts in the brain and causing disorders in swimming performance. Recent studies have shown that myxosporeans of fish are mostly host-specific parasites, typically infecting only one host species (oioxenic) or a limited number of closely related species (stenoxenic) 1,4,9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and immunological analyses of Thelohanellus kitauei (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) infection in the scattered mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio

Liu

Wei

Wang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Thelohanellus kitauei is a spore-forming myxosporean parasite prevalent in scattered mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) that generates numerous cysts in the intestine and causes mass mortality in fish. To investigate the infection and mortality induced by T. kitauei in pond-reared farms in Luo-Jiang (104°51’N, 31°31’E), southwest China, morphological and molecular analyses of infected fish were conducted. Natural and specific immune indicators were further evaluated to determine the immunological effects of response to parasitic infection. The infectious parasite was identified as Thelohanellus kitauei based on morphological, 18S rDNA and infectious characteristics. Scattered mirror carp was determined as the specific intermediate host of the parasite. However, T. kitauei still caused considerable damage to the fish, in particular, injury and blockage of the intestines, resulting in malnutrition and even death. The mature spores of T. kitauei colonize the intestinal submucosa of carp and form cysts of various sizes that block the intestinal tract and release spores into the enteric cavity upon rupture, leading to the next phase of T. kitauei growth. Moreover, T. kitauei-infected carp showed weaker innate immunity. IgM is involved in the fight against parasitic infection while cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, had an impact on infection processes. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that T. kitauei infects and causes death in scattered mirror carp. Our collective findings from systematic pathology, morphology and immunology experiments provide a foundation for further research on infections by this type of parasite and development of effective treatment strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and immunological analyses of Thelohanellus kitauei (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) infection in the scattered mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio

Liu

Wei

Wang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, different species of Kudoa with more than four shell valves have been reported having different morphotypes (morphology of spore and number of shell valves) but with identical SSU rDNA sequence (Burger and Adlard 2010b, Miller and Adlard 2012, Heiniger et al 2013 (Thunberg) in Japan, the Philippines and Australia, have been recorded with differences in the number of shell valves but with highly similar rDNA sequences (Burger et al 2008, Burger and Adlard 2010b, Miller and Adlard 2012, Shirakashi et al 2012, Ishimaru et al 2014.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kudoa saudiensis sp. n. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) infecting oocytes of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Perciformes: Scombridae)

Mansour

Harrath

Abdel‐Baki

et al. 2015

Folia Parasitologica

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During a survey the occurrence of Kudoa quraishii Mansour, Harrath, Abd-Elkader, Alwasel, Abdel-Baki et Al Omar, 2014, recently identified in the muscles of the Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier), a species of Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947 infecting oocytes of mature females of the same host fish was found. The new species, for which the name Kudoa saudiensis sp. n. is proposed, infects oocytes that are enlarged with a whitish colour. The parasite develops in vesicular polysporous plasmodia within the oocyte. Infection occurs with a mean prevalence of 20% (7/35) of examined females. Mature spores are quadratic in shape in apical view, having four equal valves and four symmetrical polar capsules. Fresh spores are 2.4-3.6 µm long (mean ± SD 3.1 ± 0.3 µm), 4.3-5.4 µm (4.7 ± 0.3 µm) wide and 3.4-4.3 µm (3.8 ± 0.3 µm) in thickness and long. The smaller size of the new Kudoa species was the distinctive feature that separates it from all previously described species. Molecular analysis based on the SSU rDNA sequences shows that the highest percentage of similarity of 98.5% was observed with K. ovivora Swearer et Robertson, 1999, reported from oocytes of labroid fish from the Caribbean coasts of Panama. The percentage of similarity was 98% with K. azevedoi Mansour, Thabet, Chourabi, Harrath, Gtari, Al Omar et Ben Hassine, 2013 and 89% with K. quraishii. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU and LSU rDNA data revealed a consistent of the new species with K. azevedoi and K. ovivora. Our findings support the creation of Kudoa saudiensis sp. n. that infects oocytes of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta.

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“…Therefore, early detection of infection is crucial for controlling the disease. Previous studies have revealed a seasonality in parasitic abundance in water and infection frequencies in host fish through PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) (Alama‐Bermejo et al., 2013; Shirakashi et al., 2012; Yokoyama et al., 2015). An understanding of the infection dynamics of E. leei in water and fish aids the development of effective prevention strategies.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Infection dynamics of Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) in culture water and its effects on cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)

Sohn

Jin

Kang

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Enteromyxum leei is a causative agent of enteromyxosis, with a wide range of marine fish hosts. Recently, massive morbidity and mortality were caused by E. leei infection in cultured olive flounders in Korea. To reveal a relationship between E. leei abundance in culture water and the occurrence of parasite infection in host fish, we used a quantitative PCR assay targeting the 28S rDNA of E. leei in three fish farms (two where enteromyxosis had occurred and one where it did not) from April to November 2018. The gene of E. leei was detected at levels greater than 10 cells/L in the culture water where enteromyxosis occurred from July to September. Furthermore, 2 months after the detection in the water, the parasite gene (with more than 5,000 cells per 100 mg) was detected in fish intestine samples. However, in the fish farms where enteromyxosis had not occurred, the E. leei gene was detected at <10 cells in culture water (1 L) and fish intestine samples (100 mg). The quantification method used in this research provides a baseline of the infection timeline in olive flounder to develop effective management practices.

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Infection dynamics of Kudoa yasunagai (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) infecting brain of cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Pathological and immunological analyses of Thelohanellus kitauei (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) infection in the scattered mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio

Pathological and immunological analyses of Thelohanellus kitauei (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) infection in the scattered mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio

Kudoa saudiensis sp. n. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) infecting oocytes of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Perciformes: Scombridae)

Infection dynamics of Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) in culture water and its effects on cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)

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