Infection and labor. III. Interleukin-1: A signal for the onset of parturition

Romero, R.; Brody, D. T.; Oyarzún, E; Mazor, Moshe; Wu, Yang‐Chang; Jc, Hobbins; Durum, S. K.

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(90)90214-6

Cited by 191 publications

(251 citation statements)

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“…30 Indeed, one could argue that the higher levels of bacterial isolation from vaginally delivered placentas simply indicate that the fetus senses a hostile microbiologic environment and signals the host in such a way as to escape from this environment. 31 Because the normal route of delivery is through the birth canal, the delivered fetus requires some rudimentary protection in place as it passes through an area containing large numbers of microorganisms. 32 Bacterial colonization of the placenta might promote normal development of the fetal immune system without harm to fetus or mother.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of second-trimester placenta parenchyma

Onderdonk¹,

Hecht²,

McElrath³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

119

103

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Objective-The overtly healthy, non-pregnant uterus harbors bacteria, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. The extent of colonization remains elusive, as are relationships between isolated microorganisms, preterm labor and fetal inflammation.Study Design-Biopsies of chorion parenchyma from 1083 placentas delivered before the beginning of the 28 th week of gestation were cultured, and the placenta was examined histologically. The frequencies of individual microorganisms and groups of microorganisms were evaluated in strata of processes leading to preterm delivery, routes of delivery, gestational age, and placenta morphology Results-Placentas delivered by cesarean section with preeclampsia had the lowest bacterial recovery rate (25%). Preterm labor had the highest rates, which decreased with increasing gestational age from 79% at 23 weeks to 43% at 27 weeks. The presence of microorganisms in placenta Conclusions-The high rate of colonization appears to coincide with phenomena associated with preterm delivery and gestational age. The presence of microorganisms within placenta parenchyma is biologically important.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of second-trimester placenta parenchyma

Onderdonk¹,

Hecht²,

McElrath³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

119

103

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“…17 Amniotic fluid also has been reported to contain increased levels of the classic proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣) and interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤). 18,19 The expression of IL-8 is enhanced by TNF-␣ and IL-1␤ in several cell types including leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. 20 -22 Because chorioamnionitis (CAM) is associated with intense neutrophil infiltration of the decidua, 23 this study evaluated the involvement of decidual-derived IL-8 in CAM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β Regulate Interleukin-8 Expression in Third Trimester Decidual Cells

Lockwood

Arcuri

Toti

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Pathology

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Chorioamnionitis is associated with intense neutrophil infiltration of the decidua. We therefore determined whether chorioamnionitis enhances decidual interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and examined cytokine-regulated decidual IL-8 expression. Decidua from chorioamnionitis-complicated pregnancies, but not term controls, displayed marked IL-8 immunohistochemical staining and a dense neutrophil infiltrate.

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“…Decidual tissue explants from 11 placentas from women undergoing elective cesarean sections without spontaneous labor were cultured overnight in the absence (u) or presence of LPS (25 ng/ml) (1), and the accumulation of IL-6 bioactivity in the culture medium was monitored (A). B illustrates the stimulation of ACT synthesis in duplicate cultures by the natural IL-6 standard preparation used at 10, 2.5, 1, 0.4, and 0 ng/ml in this experiment (sets [1][2][3][4][5] significant side effects for both mother and fetus (32,40). Our findings (also see below) justify additional larger prospective studies to determine whether evaluation of AF IL-6 levels can help identify patients in PTL who will progress to delivery despite tocolytic treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority ofthese infections are subclinical and difficult to diagnose (3,4). The participation ofcytokines in the inflammatory process associated with intraamniotic infection is supported by the detection of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the amniotic fluid (AF) ofwomen with this condition (5,6). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the participation of IL-6 in the pathophysiology of premature labor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 in preterm labor: Association with infection

1989

Cytokine

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To evaluate whether IL-6 participates in the host response to intrauterine infection, we studied IL-6 bioactivity and isoforms in amniotic fluid (AF). Two different assays for IL-6 were used: the hepatocyte stimulating factor assay (in Hep3B2 cells) and the SDS-PAGE/immunoblot assay. IL-6 determinations were performed in 205 AF samples. Samples were obtained from patients in the midtrimester of pregnancy (n = 25), at term with no labor (n = 31), at term in active labor (n = 40), and from patients in preterm labor (n = 109). Higher AF IL-6 levels were observed in women in preterm labor with intraamniotic infection than in women in preterm labor without intraamniotic infection (median = 375 ng/ml, range = 30-5000 ng/ml vs. median = 1.5 ng/ml, range = 0-500, respectively, P < 0.0001). The 23-25-and 28-30-kD IL-6 species could be readily detected in SDS-PAGE immunoblots performed directly on 10-,ul aliquots of AF from patients with intraamniotic infection. Among women in preterm labor with culture-negative AF, those who failed to respond to subsequent tocolytic treatment had higher AF IL-6 concentrations than those who responded to therapy (median = 50 ng/ml vs. median = 1.2 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.05). Only low levels of IL-6 were detected in AF obtained from normal women in the midtrimester and third trimester of pregnancy. Decidual tissue explants obtained from the placentas of women undergoing elective cesarean section at term without labor (n = 11) produced IL-6 in response to bacterial endotoxin. In a pilot study, AF IL-6 was determined in 56 consecutive women admitted with preterm labor. All patients (n = 10) with elevated AF IL-6 (cutoff = 46 ng/ml) delivered a premature neonate. 4 of these 10 patients had positive AF cultures for microorganisms. These studies implicate IL-6 in the host response to intrauterine infection and suggest that evaluation of AF IL-6 levels may have diagnostic and prognostic value in the management of women in preterm labor. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990Invest. . 85:1392Invest. -1400.) prematurity -parturition-decidua * cytokines -bacterial endotoxins

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Infection and labor. III. Interleukin-1: A signal for the onset of parturition

Cited by 191 publications

References 0 publications

Colonization of second-trimester placenta parenchyma

Colonization of second-trimester placenta parenchyma

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β Regulate Interleukin-8 Expression in Third Trimester Decidual Cells

Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 in preterm labor: Association with infection

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