“…There is growing evidence that certain aspects of the immune response greatly contribute to the high mortality rate: while immunosuppressed patients die as a consequence of poor host response, immunocompetent hosts face overwhelming inflammatory reactions that may lead to tissue injury, shock and, eventually, death [2,3]. Pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation of pneumococcal disease; in fact, 95% of cases appear as pneumonia or meningitis and S. pneumoniae continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the world [4]. Consequently, it is necessary to develop more effective methods for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, especially in developing countries, where the incidence is high [4].…”