Infants' manipulative exploration of objects: Effects of age and object characteristics.

Ruff, Holly A.

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.20.1.9

Cited by 324 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, we focused on age, without relying on gender, to explain hand-to -mouth activity. This result corresponds with data reported by Ruff (1984), Ruff and Dubiner (1987) and Groot et al (1998) who showed that there is no statistically significant difference in mouthing events between boys and girls. There is, however, a significant relationship between mouthing and age of the child.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Mouthing behavior develops into an exploratory behavior in which objects are placed into the mouth for a few seconds for purposes of discovery. During this stage of development, children will put their hands and any object that they come in contact with into their mouths (Ruff, 1984;Ruff and Dubiner, 1987;Davis et al, 1995;Groot et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objectives of our study were to use this data set to ( 1) evaluate the influence of age and gender on total mouthing behavior, (2 ) determine the predominant types of mouthing activities and their frequency, and (3 ) compare our results with other literature values. Ruff and Dubiner ( 1987 ) 9 -12 months 29 Undisclosed suburban location Evaluation of young children's ability to manipulate objects and their associated behavior Videotape of play with specified objects; trained observer; timed interactive events Ruff ( 1984 ) 6 -12 months 60 Undisclosed suburban location…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Frequency of mouthing behavior in young children

Tulve

Suggs

McCurdy

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

167

116

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Young children may be more likely than adults to be exposed to pesticides following a residential application as a result of hand -and object -to -mouth contacts in contaminated areas. However, relatively few studies have specifically evaluated mouthing behavior in children less than 5 years of age. Previously unpublished data collected by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center ( FHCRC ) were analyzed to assess the mouthing behavior of 72 children ( 37 males / 35 females ). Total mouthing behavior data included the daily frequency of both mouth and tongue contacts with hands, other body parts, surfaces, natural objects, and toys. Eating events were excluded. Children ranged in age from 11 to 60 months. Observations for more than 1 day were available for 78% of the children. The total data set was disaggregated by gender into five age groups ( 10 -20, 20 -30, 30 -40, 40 -50, 50 -60 months ). Statistical analyses of the data were then undertaken to determine if significant differences existed among the age / gender subgroups in the sample. A mixed effects linear model was used to test the associations among age, gender, and mouthing frequencies. Subjects were treated as random and independent, and intrasubject variability was accounted for with an autocorrelation function. Results indicated that there was no association between mouthing frequency and gender. However, a clear relationship was observed between mouthing frequency and age. Using a tree analysis, two distinct groups could be identified: children 24 and children >24 months of age. Children 24 months exhibited the highest frequency of mouthing behavior with 81 ± 7 events / h ( mean ± SE ) ( n = 28 subjects, 69 observations ). Children >24 months exhibited the lowest frequency of mouthing behavior with 42 ± 4 events / h ( n = 44 subjects, 117 observations ). These results suggest that children are less likely to place objects into their mouths as they age. These changes in mouthing behavior as a child ages should be accounted for when assessing aggregate exposure to pesticides in the residential environment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frequency of mouthing behavior in young children

Tulve

Suggs

McCurdy

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

167

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They recognize affordances of objects and tailor their actions accordingly (Clifton, Rochat, Litovsky, & Perris, 1991;Lockman, Ashmead, & Bushnell, 1984;McCarty, Clifton, Ashmead, Lee, & Goubet,, 2001;von Hofsten & Ronnqvist, 1988;von Hofsten & Fazel-Zandy, 1984). In addition, young infants detect the functional relation between object parts and surfaces and use objects in ways that are consistent with these relations (Bourgeois, Khawar, Neal, & Lockman, 2005;Gibson & Walker, 1984;Molina & Jouen, 1998;Palmer, 1989;Ruff, 1984). Infants 8 to 18 months of age manipulate objects on the basis of the functions they afford (Freeman, Lloyd, & Sinha, 1980;Pier-LeBonniec, 1985), generalize functional properties to objects similar in appearance or that share important characteristics (Baldwin, Markman, & Melartin, 1993;Booth & Waxman, 2002a), and attend to novel ways objects can be used and imitate those actions (Meltzoff, 1988a,b).…”

Section: Increasing Infants' Sensitivity To Color By Making Color Funmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color–function categories that prime infants to use color information in an object individuation task

Wilcox

Woods

Chapa

2008

Cognitive Psychology

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There is evidence for developmental hierarchies in the type of information to which infants attend when reasoning about objects. Investigators have questioned the origin of these hierarchies and how infants come to identify new sources of information when reasoning about objects. The goal of the present experiments was to shed light on this debate by identifying conditions under which infants' sensitivity to color information, which is slow to emerge, could be enhanced in an object individuation task. The outcome of Experiment 1 confirmed and extended previous reports that 9.5-month-olds can be primed, through exposure to events in which the color of an object predicts its function, to attend to color differences in a subsequent individuation task. The outcomes of Experiments 2 to 4 revealed age-related changes in the nature of the representations that support color priming. This is exemplified by three main findings. First, the representations that are formed during the colorfunction events are relatively specific. That is, infants are primed to use the color difference seen in the color-function events to individuate objects in the test events, but not other color differences. Second, 9.5-month-olds can be led to form more abstract event representations, and then generalize to other colors in the test events if they are shown multiple pairs of colors in the color-function events. Third, slightly younger 9-month-olds also can be led to form more inclusive categories with multiple color pairs, but only when they are allowed to directly compare the exemplars in each color pair during the present events. These results shed light on the development of categorization abilities, cognitive mechanisms that support color-function priming, and the kinds of experiences that can increase infants' sensitivity to color information.

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“…Aos quatro meses de idade são capazes de perceber propriedades de rigidez (ROCHAT, 1983), aos 6 meses percebem temperatura (BUSHNELL; WEINBERGER; SASSEVILLE, 1989), peso (MOUNOUD; BOWER, 1974;PALMER, 1989;RUFF, 1984) e forma (BRYANT et al, 1972). A maioria destes estudos usaram uma ou mais das seguintes variáveis para suas inferências: pressão exercida pelo aperto, frequência do aperto e tempo (duração) dos apertos.…”

Section: Preensão Ativaunclassified

Emergência e desenvolvimento da ação nos apertos manuais de bebês

Ferronato¹

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Infants' manipulative exploration of objects: Effects of age and object characteristics.

Cited by 324 publications

References 24 publications

Frequency of mouthing behavior in young children

Frequency of mouthing behavior in young children

Color–function categories that prime infants to use color information in an object individuation task

Emergência e desenvolvimento da ação nos apertos manuais de bebês

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